Environment and Social Impact Assessment Project Report Rehabilitation of Kisumu Sewage Treatment Plant Client Lake Victoria Environment Management Project Phase 2 (LVEMP II) Assignment: Carrying out Environmental and Social Impact Assessment on the Proposed Rehabilitation of Kisumu Sewage Treatment Plant Public Disclosure Authorized Report Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Project Report Report Prepared by: Aquaclean Services Limited Firm of Experts (NEMA Reg. No. 1899), P. O. Box 1902 – 00100, Nairobi KENYA Public Disclosure Authorized Signed: Date: Mr. Harrison W. Ngirigacha (MSc. WERM, BSc. Chem. NEMA Reg.), Lead EIA Expert (NEMA Reg. No. 0027) Aquaclean Services Limited Client: Public Disclosure Authorized The National Coordinator, Lake Victoria Environment Management Project II 2nd Floor, Reinsurance Plaza P. O. Box 9220 – 40100, Kisumu, Kenya Tel.: +254-57-2020563 Fax: +254-57-2022284 Email: [email protected] Public Disclosure Authorized Signed: Date: Lake Victoria Environment Management Project Phase 2 (LVEMP II) Page1 Consultant: Aquaclean Services Limited Environment and Social Impact Assessment Project Report Rehabilitation of Kisumu Sewage Treatment Plant Table of Contents ACRONYMS ............................................................................................................................................................... 6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................................... 7 CHAPTER 1: PROJECT BACKGROUND ...................................................................................................... 13 1.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................. 13 1.1.1 Category “A” Projects ............................................................................................................................ 13 1.1.2 Category “B” Projects ............................................................................................................................ 13 1.1.3 Category “C” Projects ............................................................................................................................ 14 1.2 LAKE VICTORIA ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PROJECT ................................................................................ 14 1.3 THE REHABILITATION PROJECT ........................................................................................................................ 15 1.4 EIA JUSTIFICATION ........................................................................................................................................... 15 1.5 TERMS OF REFERENCE ..................................................................................................................................... 16 1.5.1 EIA Objectives ........................................................................................................................................ 16 1.5.2 Scope of EIA ........................................................................................................................................... 16 1.6 EIA METHODOLOGY ......................................................................................................................................... 17 1.6.1 Environmental Scoping ......................................................................................................................... 18 1.6.2 Impacts Assessments and Mitigation Measures ............................................................................... 18 1.6.3 Field Assessment .................................................................................................................................. 18 1.6.4 Reporting ................................................................................................................................................. 18 1.6.5 EIA Outputs ............................................................................................................................................ 18 1.6.6 EIA Team ................................................................................................................................................ 18 CHAPTER 2: PROJECT DESCRIPTION ........................................................................................................ 20 2.1 LOCATION .......................................................................................................................................................... 20 2.2 ADMINISTRATIVE SETTING ................................................................................................................................ 21 2.2.1 Water Supply .......................................................................................................................................... 21 2.2.2 Sewerage Services Coverage ............................................................................................................. 22 2.3 THE INFRASTRUCTURAL GENERAL STATUS ..................................................................................................... 25 2.3.1 Sewer System ........................................................................................................................................ 25 2.3.2 Nyalenda Sewage Treatment Lagoons .............................................................................................. 25 2.3.3 Kisat Sewage Treatment Plant ............................................................................................................ 26 2.3.4 Observations .......................................................................................................................................... 28 2.4 PROPOSED INTERVENTION PROJECT ............................................................................................................... 29 2.5 DESIGN PRINCIPLES ......................................................................................................................................... 30 2.5.1 General .................................................................................................................................................... 30 2.5.2 Sewage Treatment ................................................................................................................................ 30 2.5.3 Sewers..................................................................................................................................................... 35 2.5.4 Hazards in Wastewater Treatment Plants ......................................................................................... 38 2.6 PROJECT ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS ................................................................................................................... 38 2.6.1 “NO Action” Alternative ......................................................................................................................... 38 2.6.2 Design Alternatives ................................................................................................................................ 38 2.6.3 Management Alternatives ..................................................................................................................... 39 2.7 ANTICIPATED CHALLENGES .............................................................................................................................. 39 2.8 INTERVENTION THOUGHTS ............................................................................................................................... 39 2.9 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION PLAN .................................................................................................................... 40 2.10 PROJECT COST ESTIMATES ............................................................................................................................. 40 Lake Victoria Environment Management Project Phase 2 (LVEMP II) Page 2 Consultant: Aquaclean Services Limited Environment and Social Impact Assessment Project Report Rehabilitation of Kisumu Sewage Treatment Plant CHAPTER 3: POLICY, LEGAL ISSUES AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ....................................... 41 3.1 AN OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................................... 41 3.2 POLICY PROVISIONS ......................................................................................................................................... 41 3.2.1 National Environment Action Plan (NEAP) ........................................................................................ 41 3.2.2 National Policy on Water Resources Management and Development .......................................... 41 3.2.3 Sessional Paper No. 6 of 1999 on Environment and Sustainable Development ......................... 42 3.3 LEGAL FRAMEWORK ......................................................................................................................................... 42 3.3.1 The Environment Management and Co-ordination Act, 1999 ......................................................... 42 3.3.2 Environmental Management Regulations .......................................................................................... 43 3.3.3 The Water Act 2002 .............................................................................................................................