Fonctionnalisation de fibres optiques par des grenats pour les applications magnéto-optiques Issatay Nadinov To cite this version: Issatay Nadinov. Fonctionnalisation de fibres optiques par des grenats pour les applications magnéto- optiques. Physics [physics]. Université de Strasbourg, 2019. English. NNT : 2019STRAE051. tel- 03157296 HAL Id: tel-03157296 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03157296 Submitted on 3 Mar 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. UNIVERSITÉ DE STRASBOURG ÉCOLE DOCTORALE DE PHYSIQUE ET CHIMIE-PHYSIQUE (182) THÈSE présentée par : Issatay NADINOV soutenue le : 6 décembre 2019 pour obtenir le grade de: Docteur de l’université de Strasbourg Discipline/ Spécialité: Physique Fonctionnalisation de fibres optiques par des grenats pour les applications magnéto-optiques DIRECTEUR DE THÈSE : MAGER Loïc Chargé de recherche HDR, IPCMS (UMR 7504) __________________________________________________________________________ RAPPORTEURS : ESTOURNES Claude Directeur de recherche, CIRIMAT (UMR 5085) ROYER François Professeur, LHC (UMR 5516) __________________________________________________________________________________________ EXAMINATEURS : CHARRIER Joël Maître de Conférences HDR, FOTON (UMR 6082) PETIT Corinne Professeur, ICPEES (UMR 7515) INVITES : BERLING Dominique Professeur, IS2M (UMR 7361) REHSPRINGER Jean-Luc Directeur de recherche, IPCMS (UMR 7504) 2 DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated: to my beautiful wife Aliya, my beautiful daughter Jasmine, and to my brother Bauyrzhan and his family. In the memory of my beloved parents Urazbai Nadinov and Akhalam Nadinova. Thank you for your endless love, invaluable support during my whole life. You are the reasons for my becoming the person I am today. I love you. 3 4 Acknowledgment I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. Loïc Mager for his support during my Ph.D. studies and research. His patience, immense knowledge and enthusiasm have been motivating me during the whole project. This thesis and subsequent publications reflect his perfect guidance in this research. I cannot imagine having a better mentor than him for my graduate work. Also, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my co-supervisor, Dr. Jean-Luc Rehspringer for his teaching and assisting me in the chemical part of the project, specifically, in the preparation of Bi: YIG films and powders, as well as XRD and DTA analyses. Also, I need to thank him for the helpful suggestions and fruitful discussions during the whole project. I would like to express my special thanks to Dr. Oleksandr Kovalenko and Dr. Mircea Vomir for fruitful discussions and support in the implementation of experiments I had to carry out. Many thanks to Dr. Alex Boeglin for helping me with my writing of the dissertation and for fruitful discussions. In addition, I would like to thank IPCMS members: Mr. Cedric Leuvrey, who kindly helped me with SEM measurements and analyses of my experimental samples; Mr. Nicolas Beyer, who produced the iron core for the magnetic field generator and other parts of the experimental setup for magnetic field measurements. Finally, I would like to acknowledge financial support from the French National Research Agency via the project FOGAMO [grant number: ANR-16-CE08-0014-01] and the project Equipex UNION [grant number: ANR-10-EQPX-52]. 5 6 Content General Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 17 Chapter 1 .............................................................................................................................................. 19 1.1. Magnetic sensing technology ..................................................................................................... 19 1.1.1. Compass .............................................................................................................................. 19 1.1.2. Induction magnetometers .................................................................................................... 20 1.1.3. Hall Effect Sensors .............................................................................................................. 21 1.1.4. Proton magnetometer .......................................................................................................... 22 1.1.5. Optically pumped magnetometer ......................................................................................... 22 1.1.6. Magnetoresistive sensors..................................................................................................... 23 1.1.7. Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) sensors ..................................... 25 1.2. Magneto optical (MO) sensors ................................................................................................... 26 1.2.1. Magnetostrictive sensors ..................................................................................................... 26 1.2.2. Terfenol-D ........................................................................................................................... 27 1.2.3. Magnetic Fluid .................................................................................................................... 27 1.2.4. Magneto-optic sensors......................................................................................................... 28 1.2.5. Bulk-optic sensor ................................................................................................................. 29 1.2.6. All-fiber sensor .................................................................................................................... 31 1.3. Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 35 Chapter 2 .............................................................................................................................................. 36 2.1. Phenomenological description of the magneto-optic effect ....................................................... 36 2.2. Light propagation in magneto-optical materials ....................................................................... 38 2.3. Bulk Magneto Optical materials ................................................................................................ 41 2.3.1. (LaSr)MnO3 ......................................................................................................................... 43 2.3.2. Cobalt ferrites CoFe2O4 ...................................................................................................... 44 2.3.3. Barium ferrite ...................................................................................................................... 44 2.3.4. Semiconductor CdCr2S4 ....................................................................................................... 45 2.3.5. Ferric borate and ferric fluoride ......................................................................................... 45 2.3.6. Chromium trihalides: CrCl3, CrBr3, Cr I3 ......................................................................... 46 2.3.7. Europium chalcogenides films ............................................................................................ 46 2.3.8. Terbium gallium garnet (TGG) ........................................................................................... 47 2.4 Evolution of MO materials .......................................................................................................... 48 2.4.1. Europium chalcogenides nanoclusters ................................................................................ 49 2.4.2. Cobalt ferrites nanoparticles ............................................................................................... 49 2.4.3. Magneto plasmonic crystals ................................................................................................ 50 7 2.4.4. Organic materials ................................................................................................................ 51 2.5. Yttrium iron garnet (YIG) ....................................................................................................... 52 2.5.1 Bi: YIG film preparation processes ...................................................................................... 56 Chapter 3 .............................................................................................................................................. 58 3.1. Film preparation and Magneto–Optical characterization ......................................................... 58 3.1.1. Bi: YIG film preparation by metal-organic decomposition method .................................... 58 3.1.2. Experimental setup .............................................................................................................. 60 3.1.3. Calculation of the MO response of the material ................................................................. 61 3.1.4.