A01TX1106989.fm Page 55 Monday, March 21, 2005 10:26 AM PUBLISHED BY Microsoft Press A Division of Microsoft Corporation One Microsoft Way Redmond, Washington 98052-6399 Copyright © 2005 by Microsoft Corporation All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of the publisher. Library of Congress Congress Control Number 2005921847 Printed and bound in the United States of America. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 QWT 8 7 6 5 4 3 Distributed in Canada by H.B. Fenn and Company Ltd. A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Microsoft Press books are available through booksellers and distributors worldwide. For further information about international editions, contact your local Microsoft Corporation office or contact Microsoft Press Inter- national directly at fax (425) 936-7329. Visit our Web site at www.microsoft.com/mspress. Send comments to [email protected]. Microsoft, Active Directory, ActiveX, Microsoft Press, MSDN, MSN, Visual Basic, Win32, Windows, Win- dows Media, Windows NT, and Windows Server are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. Other product and company names mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners. The example companies, organizations, products, domain names, e-mail addresses, logos, people, places, and events depicted herein are fictitious. No association with any real company, organization, product, domain name, e-mail address, logo, person, place, or event is intended or should be inferred. This book expresses the author’s views and opinions. The information contained in this book is provided with- out any express, statutory, or implied warranties. Neither the authors, Microsoft Corporation, nor its resellers, or distributors will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to be caused either directly or indirectly by this book. Acquisitions Editor: Martin DelRe Project Editor: Karen Szall Copy Editor: Victoria Thulman Technical Editor: Mitch Tulloch Indexer: Tony Ross and Lee Ross SubAsy Part No. X11-06988 Body Part No. X11-06989 Contents at a Glance 1 Performance Monitoring Overview . 1 2 Performance Monitoring Tools . 125 3 Measuring Server Performance. 235 4 Performance Monitoring Procedures. 313 5 Performance Troubleshooting. 401 6 Advanced Performance Topics . 537 Contents About the Author . xi Acknowledgments . .xiii Introduction. xv Document Conventions . xv Resource Kit Companion CD . xvi 1 Performance Monitoring Overview . 1 Introducing Performance Monitoring . 2 Learning About Performance Monitoring . 3 Proactive Performance Monitoring . 4 Diagnosing Performance Problems. 5 Scalability. .8 Performance Monitoring Concepts . 12 Definitions . 13 Bottlenecks . 22 Utilization Law . 28 Queue Time and Utilization . 29 Little’s Law . 33 Conclusions . 36 System Architecture . .37 Using the Performance Monitor . 37 Operating Systems . 38 Processors . 43 Memory and Paging . 61 The I/O Subsystem . 89 Network Interfaces. 98 Summary . 123 2 Performance Monitoring Tools . 125 Summary of Monitoring Tools . 126 Performance Statistics . 126 Microsoft is interested in hearing your feedback about this publication so we can What do you think of this book? continually improve our books and learning resources for you. To participate in a brief We want to hear from you! online survey, please visit: www.microsoft.com/learning/booksurvey/ v vi Contents Event Traces . 127 Load Generating and Testing. 128 Administrative Controls . 128 Required Security for Tool Usage . 128 Performance Monitoring Statistics . 133 Performance Objects. 134 Performance Counters . 140 System Monitor . 144 Viewing a Chart in Real Time. 145 Changing the Sampling Interval . 146 Creating a Custom Monitoring Configuration . 147 Saving Real-Time Data . 148 Customizing How Data Is Viewed. 149 Tips for Working with System Monitor . 151 Task Manager . 154 Working with Task Manager . 155 Monitoring Applications. 156 Monitoring Processes . 157 Monitoring Performance . 161 Monitoring the Network . 163 Monitoring Users . 167 Automated Performance Monitoring . 168 Performance Logs and Alerts. 168 Counter Logs . 169 Tips for Working with Performance Logs and Alerts . 178 Creating Performance Logs Using Logman. 178 Managing Performance Logs. 191 Using the Relog Tool. 192 Using Typeperf Queries . 200 Windows Performance Monitoring Architecture . 207 Performance Library DLLs . 207 Performance Counter Text String Files . 208 Performance Data Helper Processing. ..