KWAME NKRUMAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, KUMASI GHANA IMPACT OF SUPPLEMENTARY LIVELIHOOD ON COCOA FARMERS IN AHAFO ANO SOUTH DISTRICT (ASHANTI REGION) OF GHANA BY ENOCK POLLEY QUAYSON (BED. SOCIAL SCIENCE) A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, COLLEGE OF ART AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE NOVEMBER, 2018 DECLARATION I hereby declare that the dissertation is the result of my own original work and that no part of it has been presented for another degree in the University or elsewhere, preparation and presentation of the dissertation were supervised in accordance with the guidelines on supervision laid down by Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology. Name: Enock Polley Quayson Student ID: PG 1882517 Signature …………………. Date ……………………… Certified by: Prof. D.K Ahadzie Supervisor Signature …………………… Date ………………………… Certified by: Prof. Bernard K. Baiden Head of Department Signature ………………… Date ……………………... ii ABSTRACT The study was conducted to assess the impact of complimentary income on the livelihoods of cocoa farmers in the Ahafo Ano South District. The research study applied the primary data from well crated questionnaire to illicit information from the cocoa farmers. Both the secondary data from documentary sources and the primary data used in arriving at the conclusions. The sample size was 120 of the farmers and was based on the judgement of the researcher and thus a non- probability sampling method was used to gather the primary data and as a result the choice of 120 was not a true representative of the population in the District. Cocoa farmers were selected from villages and towns that were well noted for growing cocoa and the rural nature of the District reflected in the low educational levels of the respondents which in turn manifested in the mode of answering the questionnaire : respondents answering or ticking and researcher reading to the respondents and ticking on their behave were employed. Income levels from cocoa was low and could not suffice the farmers throughout the year and numerous variables such as the smallness of the farms; none application of fertilizers and other inputs; difficulty in accessing agricultural extension officers; high labour cost; difficulty in accessing credit and worse of all the illegal activities of surface mining referred to as ‘galamsey’ in the Ghanaian parlance. The study established that the stool owns a greater proportion of the land and further ascertained that land could be acquired foremost through the stool. Cocoa farmers contended that food crops were integrated into the cocoa farms. Result from the research study showed that some of the commonest livelihood ventures were animal rearing; petty trading; vegetable farming; bee-keeping “gari” processing and palm oil production. The study further established that the proceeds from the alternative livelihood activities could not alleviate the financial difficulties they go through especially during the lean cocoa season. Nonetheless, the income from such ventures reduces the financial burden of farmers in no small measure. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT No one ever writes a book or thesis all by ‘’oneself’’ and this is indeed true in this case. This thesis has come to light not through my ideas alone but because of many people who gave off their time, talents ideas. I am most grateful to the almighty God for the strength, to my supervisor- Professor D.K Ahadzie for the corrections and the constructive suggestions and more importantly, for his technical and academic directions which culminated in the dissertation. I wish to express my profound appreciation to the lectures of Department of Building Technology- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology who were ever ready to render any assistance whenever I called on them. I am also highly indebted to the District Planning Officer for Mankranso District, Mrs Truelove Antwi-Bekoe and Prince Ansah of Cocoa Board who provided relevant information I needed. I wish to express my sincere gratitude to my Dad Mr Daniel Quayson who sacrifice his all to see to the typing and printing of the manuscript. I cannot afford to leave my elder brother Noel Quayson and Nathan Quayson my younger brother who were so supportive in putting the pieces together. iv TABLE OF CONTENT CONTENTS PAGES DECLARATION ............................................................................................................................ ii ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... iv TABLE OF CONTENT .................................................................................................................. v LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................... viii LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................ x LIST OF ACRONYMS ................................................................................................................. xi CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................................. 1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background to the study ................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Statement of the problem ...................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Aim and Objectives of the study ........................................................................................... 4 1.4 Justification for the study ...................................................................................................... 5 1.5 Scope of the study ................................................................................................................. 6 1.6 Organization of the study ...................................................................................................... 7 1.7 Limitation of the study .......................................................................................................... 7 Figure 1: Map of Ashanti Region showing the Ahafo Ano South District ............................. 8 CHAPTER TWO ............................................................................................................................ 9 LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................................... 9 2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 9 2.2 Land ownership, administration and use ............................................................................... 9 2.3 Right to benefits, obligation and opportunities of men and women concerning land. ........ 14 2.4 Household decision making/decision making within the household .................................. 20 2.5 The rational of supplementary livelihood activities for cocoa farmers. .............................. 29 CHAPTER THREE ...................................................................................................................... 37 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.................................................................................................. 37 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 37 3.1 Organizational Profile and Methodology ............................................................................ 37 v 3.2 Methodology ....................................................................................................................... 39 3.3 Research Design .................................................................................................................. 40 3.4 Population............................................................................................................................ 40 3.5 Sampling Technique ............................................................................................................ 41 3.6 Source of Data ..................................................................................................................... 44 3.7 Data Collection Instrument ................................................................................................. 44 3.8 Analysis of Data .................................................................................................................. 45 CHAPTER FOUR ......................................................................................................................... 47 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ................................................................................................... 47 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 47 4.1 Qualitative and quantitative research approaches ............................................................... 47 4.2 Demographic data of response