EPA Region 5 Records Ctr. Public Health 230263 Assessment for SKINNER LANDFILL WEST CHESTER, BUTLER COUNTY, OHIO CERCLIS NO. OHD063963714 AUGUST 10, 1993 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND H >'$ SERVICES PUIJLIC HEALTH SERVICE Agency for Toxir Substances and Disease ! PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT SKINNER LANDFILL WEST CHESTER, BUTLER COUNTY, OHIO CERCLIS NO. OHD063963714 PREPARED BY The Ohio Department of Health Division of Preventive Medicine Bureau of Epidemiololgy and Toxicology Under Cooperative Agreement with the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry THE ATSDR PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT: A NOTE OF EXPLANATION This Public Health Assessment was prepared by ATSDR pursuant to the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA or Superfund) section 104 (i)(6) (42 U.S.C. 9604 (i)(6), and in accordance with our implementing regulations 42 C.F.R. Part 90). In preparing this document ATSDR has collected relevant health data, environmental data, and community health concerns from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), state and local health and environmental agencies, the community, and potentially responsible parties, where appropriate. In addition, this document has previously been provided to EPA and the affected states in an initial release, as required by CERCLA section 104 0)(6)(E) for their information and review. The revised document was released for a 30 day public comment period. Subsequent to the public comment period, ATSDR addressed all public comments and revised or appended the document as appropriate. The public health assessment has now been reissued. This concludes the public health assessment process for this site, unless additional information is obtained by ATSDR which, in the Agency's opinion, indicates a need to revise or append the conclusions previously issued. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry WilliamL. Roper, M.D.,M.P.H. Administrator Barry L. Johnson, Ph.D., Assistant Administrator Division of Health Assessment and Consultation Robert C. Williams, P.E., Director Juan J. Reyes, Deputy Director Federal Programs Branch Salty L. Shaver, Chief Community Health Branch ...Cynthia M. Harris, Ph.D., Chief Remedial Programs Branch Sharon Williams-Fleetwood, Ph.D., Chief Records & Information Management Branch Max M. Howie, Jr., Chief Emergency Response & Consultation Branch C. Harold Emmett, P.E., Chief Use of trade names is for identification only and dots net connfaa* endorsement by the Public Health Service or the U.S. Department ofHeakh and Human Services Additional copies of this report are available from: National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA (703) 487-4650 TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY 1 BACKGROUND 3 Site Description and History 3 Site Visit 5 Demographics, Land Use, and Natural Resource Use .... 5 Health Outcome Data 7 COMMUNITY HEALTH CONCERNS 8 ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND OTHER HAZARDS 8 On-site Contamination 8 Off-site Contamination 15 Quality Assurance and Quality Control 18 Physical Hazards 18 Toxic Chemical Release Inventory (TRI) 18 PATHWAYS ANALYSES 19 Environmental Pathways 19 Human Exposure Pathways 21 PUBLIC HEALTH IMPLICATIONS 23 Toxicological Evaluation 23 Health Outcome Data Evaluation 29 Community Health Concerns Evaluation 33 CONCLUSIONS 44 RECOMMENDATIONS 46 PREPARERS OF REPORT 48 REFERENCES 50 GLOSSARY 52 APPENDICES 54 LIST 07 TABLES Table Page 1. Demographic Information 6 2. On-Site Subsurface Soil Data 10 3. On-Site Groundwater Data 12 4. Leachate Sampling Data 13 5. On-Site Surface Water and Sediment Data 15 6. 1986 Off-Site Groundwater Data 16 7. 1991 Residential Well Sampling Data 17 8. Potential Human Exposure Pathways 22 9. Average Annual Percentage of Children Born with Birth Defects, West Chester, Ohio 29 10. West Chester Pediatric Cancer Incident Cases 1977-1991 31 11. Type I Diabetes (IDDM) in the U.S. Compared to West Chester, Ohio Among Children 0-19 32 LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. Site Location Map A-l 2. Land Use Map A-2 3. Major Contaminant Source Areas A-3 4. Soil Sampling Sites A-4 5. Groundwater Monitoring Stations A-5 6. Surface Water Sampling Stations A-6 7. Off Site Residential Well Sample Locations A-7 11 SUMMARY The Skinner Landfill is a former landfill in West Chester, Butler County, Ohio. The landfill began operations in 1934 with the disposal of general municipal garbage and later solid waste and demolition debris. The landfill ceased operations in August 1990. On-site soil, groundwater, and surface water are contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs), semivolatile organic compounds, pesticides, arsenic, and lead. Off-site contamination is minimal. The Skinner Landfill site poses an indeterminate public health hazard. This conclusion does not mean that there are not hazardous materials at the site or that people are not at risk of exposure, but that additional data are needed to fully characterize the hazard potential of the site. The available data do not indicate that humans are being or have been exposed to levels of contamination that would be expected to cause adverse health effects. However, additional off-site groundwater data along the southwestern border are needed to accurately determine if aquifers on site are hydrologically connected to off-site water sources. This is necessary to determine the potential for movement of contaminated groundwater off-site. Limited data indicate that off- site private wells may have been impacted by the landfill. There is also an operating day care center on the property near the landfill entrance and an elementary school across Cincinnati-Dayton Road from the site. Only part of the landfill is fenced and the site is still accessible to the public. Potential exposure pathways of concern are the ingestion of surface soils containing lead and the ingestion of VOCs in groundwater. Groundwater is a potential exposure pathway because there are uncertainties concerning the potential for contaminated groundwater to move off site. On-site workers or trespassers are the most likely persons to be exposed to lead in the soil. There may be some risk to those children at the day care center because of the close proximity to the landfill. The potential risks from exposure to chemicals in soil should be reevaluated if remediation includes excavation of the deep, contaminated soils. Those at risk under these circumstances would be site workers, possibly the children at the day care center, and children at the school. Proper personal protective equipment and procedures should minimize exposure to on- site workers. Members of the surrounding community are concerned about chemicals moving off site, a possible link between the site and birth defects among children born to teachers at a nearby elementary school, and increased rates of cancer and diabetes. Available health outcome data do not indicate higher than expected numbers of pediatric cancer cases, higher incidence of juvenile diabetes, or children born with birth defects from the West Chester area. ATSDR's Health Activities Recommendation Panel (HARP) has evaluated the Skinner Landfill Public Health Assessment for appropriate follow-up activities. The Ohio Department of Health (ODH) and HARP have determined that area residents may need information about understanding the potential for exposure to site-related chemicals. The need for additional follow-up activities will be reevaluated when the additional monitoring data are collected. ODH in cooperation with ATSDR will provide additional information to the community about their potential for exposure to site-related chemicals as requested. BACKGROUND Site Description and History The Skinner Landfill site is in West Chester, Butler County, Ohio (Figure 1, Appendix A). The 78 acre site is in a forested, hilly section of southwestern Ohio. The landfill operators and property owners' live in a residence on the property (just east of the landfill)(Figure 2, Appendix A). Two other residences, one with children and one operating as a day care center, are on the property near the landfill entrance. The landfill ceased accepting all waste in August 1990. Portions of the site were fenced in an interim remedial action. Site access by the main road is limited but not restricted, because the landfill owners' residence is very close to the site. The site is accessible to trespassers through areas other than the main road. The terrain on site is hilly with natural hills and elevated areas of waste and debris. The site also is a junk yard with a variety of junked rusted vehicles and other rusted metal debris. The disposal area of the landfill is bordered on the west by Skinner Creek and by the East Fork of Mill Creek on the south (Figure 2, Appendix A). Previous sand and gravel operations at the site created three small ponds on site. Elevations at the site range from a high of nearly 800 feet above Mean Sea Level to the northeast, sloping southwestward, to a low of 645 feet near the confluence of Skinner Creek and the East Fork of Mill Creek. The natural topography of the site is obscured by piles of solid waste that cover large areas of the site. Major waste disposal areas include the metal storage area, the buried lagoon area, which overlooks the East Fork of Mill Creek, and the former active landfill area, immediately adjacent to and northeast of the buried lagoon area (Figure 3, Appendix A). The buried lagoon is covered with grasses and weeds. The remainder of the past disposal areas are sparsely vegetated. The Skinner Landfill site, originally a sand and gravel mining operation, began landfill operations in 1934 with the disposal of general municipal garbage in abandoned sand and gravel pits. A document from the Butler County Board of Health (BCBH) in 1959 indicated that general trash and other materials from a nearby paper plant and scrap metal from various sources were disposed at the landfill. In 1963, the operators of the landfill received permission from the BCBH to use the site as a sanitary landfill.