Linux IPv6 HOWTO (en) Peter Bieringer Linux IPv6 HOWTO (en) Peter Bieringer Abstract The goal of the Linux IPv6 HOWTO is to answer both basic and advanced questions about IPv6 on the Linux op- erating system. This HOWTO will provide the reader with enough information to install, configure, and use IPv6 applications on Linux machines. Intermediate releases of this HOWTO are available at mirrors.bieringer.de [http:// mirrors.bieringer.de/Linux+IPv6-HOWTO/] or mirrors.deepspace6.net [http://mirrors.deepspace6.net/Linux+IPv6- HOWTO/]. See also revision history for changes. Table of Contents 1. General .......................................................................................................................... 1 Copyright, license and others ........................................................................................ 1 Copyright ........................................................................................................... 1 License .............................................................................................................. 1 About the author ................................................................................................. 1 Category .................................................................................................................... 2 Version, History and To-Do .......................................................................................... 2 Version .............................................................................................................. 2 History .............................................................................................................. 2 To-Do ............................................................................................................... 2 Translations ................................................................................................................ 3 To language ....................................................................................................... 3 Technical ................................................................................................................... 4 Original source of this HOWTO ............................................................................ 4 On-line references to the HTML version of this HOWTO (linking/anchors) ................... 4 Preface ...................................................................................................................... 5 How many versions of a Linux & IPv6 related HOWTO are floating around? ................. 5 Used terms, glossary and shortcuts ................................................................................. 5 Network related .................................................................................................. 5 Document related ................................................................................................ 7 Requirements for using this HOWTO ............................................................................. 7 Personal prerequisites .......................................................................................... 7 Linux operating system compatible hardware ........................................................... 8 2. Basics ............................................................................................................................ 9 What is IPv6? ............................................................................................................. 9 History of IPv6 in Linux .............................................................................................. 9 Beginning .......................................................................................................... 9 In between ......................................................................................................... 9 Current ............................................................................................................ 10 Future .............................................................................................................. 10 What do IPv6 addresses look like? ............................................................................... 10 FAQ (Basics) ............................................................................................................ 11 Why is the name IPv6 and not IPv5 as successor for IPv4? ....................................... 11 IPv6 addresses: why such a high number of bits? .................................................... 11 IPv6 addresses: why so small a number of bits on a new design? ................................ 12 3. Address types ................................................................................................................ 13 Addresses without a special prefix ................................................................................ 13 Localhost address .............................................................................................. 13 Unspecified address ........................................................................................... 13 IPv6 address with embedded IPv4 address ............................................................. 13 Network part, also known as prefix .............................................................................. 14 Link local address type ....................................................................................... 14 Site local address type ........................................................................................ 15 Unique Local IPv6 Unicast Addresses ................................................................... 15 Global address type "(Aggregatable) global unicast" ................................................ 15 Multicast addresses ............................................................................................ 17 Anycast addresses .............................................................................................. 18 Address types (host part) ............................................................................................ 18 Automatically computed (also known as stateless) ................................................... 19 Manually set ..................................................................................................... 19 Prefix lengths for routing ............................................................................................ 19 iii Linux IPv6 HOWTO (en) Prefix lengths (also known as "netmasks") ............................................................. 20 Matching a route ............................................................................................... 20 4. IPv6-ready system check ................................................................................................. 21 IPv6-ready kernel ...................................................................................................... 21 Check for IPv6 support in the current running kernel ............................................... 21 Try to load IPv6 module ..................................................................................... 21 Compile kernel with IPv6 capabilities ................................................................... 22 IPv6-ready network devices ................................................................................. 22 IPv6-ready network configuration tools ......................................................................... 23 net-tools package ............................................................................................... 23 iproute package ................................................................................................. 23 IPv6-ready test/debug programs ................................................................................... 24 IPv6 ping ......................................................................................................... 24 IPv6 traceroute6 ................................................................................................ 25 IPv6 tracepath6 ................................................................................................. 26 IPv6 tcpdump ................................................................................................... 26 IPv6-ready programs .................................................................................................. 27 IPv6-ready client programs (selection) .......................................................................... 27 Checking DNS for resolving IPv6 addresses ........................................................... 27 IPv6-ready telnet clients ..................................................................................... 28 IPv6-ready ssh clients ........................................................................................ 28 IPv6-ready web browsers .................................................................................... 29 IPv6-ready server programs ......................................................................................... 29 FAQ (IPv6-ready system check) .................................................................................. 30 Using tools ....................................................................................................... 30 5. Configuring interfaces ...................................................................................................