Session 1 Cyprinid species: ecology and constraints Iberian cyprinids: habitat requirements and vulnerabilities 2nd Stakeholder Workshop – Iberia – Lisboa, Portugal 20.03.2019 Francisco Godinho Hidroerg 20/03/2018 Francisco Godinho 1 Setting the scene 22/03/2018 Francisco Godinho 2 Relatively small river catchmentsIberian fluvial systems Douro/Duero is the largest one, with 97 600 km2 Loire – 117 000 km2, Rhinne -185 000 km2, Vistula – 194 000 km2, Danube22/03/2018 – 817 000 km2, Volga –Francisco 1 380 Godinho 000 km2 3 Most Iberian rivers present a mediterranean hydrological regime (temporary rivers are common) Vascão river, a tributary of the Guadiana river 22/03/2018 Francisco Godinho 4 Cyprinidae are the characteristic fish taxa of Iberian fluvial ecosystems, occurring from mountain streams (up to 1000 m in altitude) to lowland rivers Natural lakes are rare in the Iberian Peninsula and most natural freshwater bodies are rivers and streams 22/03/2018 Francisco Godinho 5 Six fish-based river types have been distinguished in Portugal (INAG and AFN, 2012) Type 1 - Northern salmonid streams Type 2 - Northern salmonid–cyprinid trans. streams Type 3 - Northern-interior medium-sized cyprinid streams Type 4 - Northern-interior medium-sized cyprinid streams Type 5 - Southern medium-sized cyprinid streams Type 6 - Northern-coastal cyprinid streams With the exception of assemblages in small northern, high altitude streams, native cyprinids dominate most unaltered fish assemblages, showing a high sucess in the hidrological singular 22/03/2018 Iberian streams and rivers 6 51 cyprinid species are present in the Iberian Peninsula, including 9 introduced Achondrostoma arcasii Ruivaco/Bermejuela Parachondrostoma arrigonis Loina Achondrostoma occidentale Ruivaco-do-Oeste Parachondrostoma miegii Madrilla Achondrostoma oligolepis Ruivaco Parachondrostoma turiense Madrija Achondrostoma Sarda Phoxinus bigerri Piscardo; chipa salmantinum Alburnus alburnus Alburno Pseudochondrostoma duriense Boga do Norte/Boga del Duero Anaecypris hispanica Jarabugo Barbus haasi Barbo colirrojo Pseudochondrostoma polylepis Boga comúm/boga del Tajo Barbus meridionalis Barbo de montaña Blicca bjoerkna Brema blanca Pseudochondrostoma Boga do/del Guadiana Carassius auratus Pez rojo; Carpín wilkommii Cyprinus carpio Carpa Pseudorasbora parva Falsa rasbora Gobio lozanoi Gobio Rutilus rutilus Rutilo Iberochondrostoma almacai Boga do sudoeste Iberochondrostoma Pardilla Scardinius erythrophthalmus Gardí lemmingii Squalius alburnoides Bordalo/Calandino Iberochondrostoma Boga Portuguesa Squalius aradensis Escalo do Arade (n. portugués) lusitanicum Squalius carolitertii Escalo/Bordallo Iberochondrostoma Boga de boca arqueada de Lisboa Squalius castellanus Bordallo del Gallo olisiponensis Squalius cephalus Bagre Iberochondrostoma Pardilla oretana Squalius laietanus Bagre oretanum Luciobarbus bocagei Barbo común Squalius malacitanus Cacho malagueño Luciobarbus comizo Barbo comizo Squalius palaciosi Bogardilla Luciobarbus graellsii Barbo de Graells Squalius pyrenaicus Escalo/Cacho Luciobarbus guiraonis Barbo mediterráneo Squalius torgalensis Escalo do Mira (n. portugués) Luciobarbus microcephalus Barbo cabecicorto Squalius valentinus Cacho valenciano Luciobarbus sclateri Barbo gitano 22/03/2018 Francisco TincaGodinho tinca Tenca 7 Luciobarbus steidnachneri Barbo de steidachner High level of endemicity in the cyprinid species occurring in the Iberian Peninsula. Several species are endangered Species with less than 10.0 cm long and species with more than 100 cm long 22/03/2018 Francisco Godinho 9 Species with longevity of 3 years and species with longevity > 10 years 22/03/2018 Francisco Godinho 10 Habitat requirements 22/03/2018 Francisco Godinho 11 Some plasticity is needed to survive in the variable Iberian rivers - habitat used by different species and size-classes often present a considerable amplitude 22/03/2018 Francisco Godinho 12 (Martinez-Capel et al., 2009) Nevertheless, patterns of habitat use and preference have showned differences bettween species and size-classes / life stages (e.g. Godinho et al., 1998, Ferreira et al., 2007; Ilhéu, 2008; Martinez-Capel et al., 2009; Santos et al., 2004; 2017) Adults of larger species, such as the barbels, use deeper habitats, whereas smaller size classes of the larger species and smaller sized species occurr at shallower habitats 22/03/2018 Francisco Godinho 13 Luciobarbus bocagei occurrence in electrofishing samples in the portuguese part of the Douro/Duero river catchment – more frequent at larger rivers (deeper habitats) 22/03/2018 Francisco Godinho 14 Squalius carolitertii occurrence in electrofishing samples in the portuguese part of the Douro/Duero river catchment – more frequent at smaller rivers (shallower habitats) 22/03/2018 Francisco Godinho 15 Specific spawning habitats are needed by some species for sucessfull spawing Luciobarbus bocagei spawning in shallow water with coarse substrate Micro-habitat use usually change througout the year in response to changing conditions. Overlap in habitat use increases with reduced flows 22/03/2018 Francisco Godinho 16 Seasonal changes in fish habitat use in the upper Guadalete river (Guadalquivir river basin) (Encina et al., 2006) 22/03/2018 Francisco Godinho 17 Vulnerabilities 22/03/2018 Francisco Godinho 18 Changes in natural river flow Upstream from dams in reservoirs Guadiana river (before damming) Direct effects on native cyprinids due to habitat change and fragmentation and Guadiana river indirect effects through mediated biotic (after damming) interactions with introduced fish species 22/03/2018 Francisco Godinho 19 Changes in natural river flow Dowstream dams with bypassed flow (reduced flow in the bypassed reach) Direct effects on native cyprinids due to habitat contraction and fragmentation, reduced water quality, increase vulnerability to predation, reduced connectivity 22/03/2018 Francisco Godinho 20 (fast) Changes in natural river flow Dowstream hydropower plants (hydropeaking) Direct effects on native cyprinids due to rapid changes in habitat (stranding) and indirect effects through decrease in habitat suitability 22/03/2018 Francisco Godinho 21 Interactions with introduced fish species Mostly mediated by habitat modifications resulting from transformation of rivers into reservoirs Many introduced species are adapted to more stable, lacustrine environments, and dwell sucessfully in reservoirs and in some regulated river reaches bellow dams. Gape-limited introduced piscivorous fish are a threat to small sized cyprinids Ameiurus melas Ictalurus punctatus Lepomis gibbosus Alburbus alburnus Sander lucioperca Micropterus salmoides Cyprinus carpio Silurus glanis 22/03/2018 Francisco Godinho 22 Additional pressures upon Iberian cyprinids Presence of dams and weirs that block fish movement Increased water abstraction in already water stressed rivers Deseases Eutrophication (increase susceptibility to fish kills) Climate change (less and more variable river flow) 22/03/2018 Francisco Godinho 23 Suggested topics for discussion Can we successfully mitigate the effects of natural flow alteration upon native cyprinids caused by Hydropower in Iberian rivers? Can we increase the compatibility of water uses, namely for hydropower, with sustainable native cyprinid populations in Iberian rivers? 22/03/2018 Francisco Godinho 24 FIThydro Thank you! Francisco Godinho HIDROERG Funded by the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme of the European Union Francisco Godinho 25.