Report of Blue Economy Working Group-3 on Fisheries, Aquaculture & Fish Processing Submitted to: Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister March 2019 Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................................................................... 3 LIST OF BOXES ................................................................................................................................................... 4 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................................................... 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...................................................................................................................................... 11 CHAPTER 1. OVERVIEW OF THE MARINE FISHERIES, AQUACULTURE AND FISH PROCESSING SECTOR ............... 15 KEY PLAYERS IN THE BLUE ECONOMY (DIAGRAMMATIC REPRESENTATION) ......................................................... 17 CHAPTER 2. ROLE OF MARINE FISHERIES AND ALLIED AREAS IN BLUE ECONOMY ............................................. 18 CHAPTER 3. CURRENT STATUS OF MARINE FISHERIES OF INDIA ........................................................................ 19 DEEP SEA FISHING ................................................................................................................................... 20 CHALLENGES TO DEEP SEA FISHING IN INDIA .................................................................................................. 20 HARNESSING RESOURCES FROM INDIAN SECTOR OF SOUTHERN OCEAN .............................................................. 21 STOCK ASSESSMENT OF COMMERCIALLY IMPORTANT RESOURCES ...................................................................... 22 CHALLENGES/GAPS IN STOCK ASSESSMENT IN INDIA ....................................................................................... 23 OVERFISHING AND IUU FISHING ................................................................................................................ 23 CHALLENGES TO COMBATING IUU FISHING IN INDIA ....................................................................................... 24 CHAPTER 4. MARICULTURE ............................................................................................................................... 26 MARICULTURE PRACTICES ......................................................................................................................... 26 AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGIES........................................................................................................................ 26 SEA CAGE FARMING ................................................................................................................................. 27 RECIRCULATING AQUACULTURE SYSTEM (RAS) ............................................................................................ 27 INTEGRATED MULTITROPHIC AQUACULTURE (IMTA) ..................................................................................... 27 MARICULTURE SITES AND ITS LEASING ......................................................................................................... 28 OFFSHORE MARICULTURE ......................................................................................................................... 28 MARINE ORNAMENTALS .......................................................................................................................... 28 CULTURE OF SEAWEED AND MICROALGAE ................................................................................................... 29 SEED AND FEED ...................................................................................................................................... 29 FOOD SAFETY AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT .................................................................................................. 29 FARM ESCAPEES AND INVASIVE SPECIES........................................................................................................ 29 AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH MANAGEMENT .................................................................................................... 30 GENETIC POLLUTION, DISEASE, AND PARASITE TRANSFER ................................................................................. 30 CAPACITY BUILDING AND EXTENSION .......................................................................................................... 30 ECOLABELLING AND CERTIFICATION ............................................................................................................ 30 POLICY INITIATIVES REQUIRED .................................................................................................................... 31 CHAPTER 5. MARINE ENVIRONMENT, POLLUTION AND CLIMATE CHANGE ....................................................... 32 BLUE CARBON ........................................................................................................................................ 32 POLLUTION ............................................................................................................................................ 33 CLIMATE CHANGE AFFECTING MARINE FISHERIES ............................................................................................ 34 CHAPTER 6. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY ............................................................................................................. 36 STOCK STRUCTURE AND BOUNDARIES USING GENETIC TOOLS ............................................................................ 36 CLIMATE SMART BIOTECHNOLOGY .............................................................................................................. 37 INTERVENTIONS IN MARICULTURE .............................................................................................................. 37 BIOPROSPECTING AND FOCUS ON THE NON-FOOD SECTOR. .............................................................................. 37 BIOREMEDIATION AND BIOMONITORING ...................................................................................................... 39 1 CHAPTER 7. FISHERIES MARKET DEVELOPMENT ............................................................................................... 41 DOMESTIC FISH MARKETING SYSTEM IN INDIA: AN OVERVIEW .......................................................................... 41 FISH MARKETING IN THE ISLANDS ................................................................................................................ 43 EXPORT PROMOTION ............................................................................................................................... 44 CHAPTER 8. HARVEST AND POST-HARVEST TECHNOLOGIES .............................................................................. 46 FISHING GEARS WITH BY-CATCH REDUCTION TECHNOLOGIES ............................................................................ 46 ENERGY EFFICIENT VESSEL DESIGNS ............................................................................................................. 47 LIVING CONDITIONS ON FISHING BOATS ....................................................................................................... 47 ENERGY EFFICIENT FISHING GEARS .............................................................................................................. 47 TAPPING OF ALTERNATE SOURCES OF ENERGY FOR POWERING FISHING OPERATION............................................... 48 USE OF SATELLITE BASED PREDICTION TECHNIQUES TO REDUCE FUEL CONSUMPTION ............................................. 48 FISH PRESERVATION AND PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES .................................................................................... 48 VALUE ADDITION ..................................................................................................................................... 49 PACKAGING TECHNIQUES .......................................................................................................................... 50 ZERO WASTE APPROACH AND VALUE ADDITION OF PROCESS DISCARDS ............................................................... 50 TRANSPORTATION OF LIVE FISH .................................................................................................................. 51 CHAPTER 9. LEGAL AND REGULATORY ISSUES .................................................................................................. 52 FISHERIES GOVERNANCE STRUCTURE IN INDIA ............................................................................................... 52 NATIONAL LAWS GOVERNING MARINE FISHERIES ........................................................................................... 52 MARINE FISHING REGULATION ACTS OF THE COASTAL STATES/ UNION TERRITORIES ............................................ 53 CENTRAL SECTOR SCHEMES UNDER “BLUE REVOLUTION: INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF FISHERIES” ........................................................................................................................................... 53 ISSUES ON INTERNATIONAL/REGIONAL COOPERATION ..................................................................................... 55 REGIONAL INSTRUMENTS AND REGIONAL COOPERATION ................................................................................ 56 FISHERIES SUBSIDIES NEGOTIATIONS IN THE WTO ......................................................................................... 56 PROHIBITION OF SUBSIDIES