FIAA/R1286 (En) FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Report ISSN 2070-6987 Report of the SPECIAL SESSION ON ADVANCING INTEGRATED AGRICULTURE-AQUACULTURE THROUGH AGROECOLOGY Montpellier, France, 25 August 2018 FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Report No. 1286 FIAA/R1286 (En) Report of the SPECIAL SESSION ON ADVANCING INTEGRATED AGRICULTURE-AQUACULTURE THROUGH AGROECOLOGY Montpellier, France, 25 August 2018 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2019 Required citation: FAO. 2019. Report of the Special Session on Advancing Integrated Agriculture Aquaculture through Agroecology, Montpellier, France, 25 August 2018. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Report No. 1286. Rome. 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FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/publications) and can be purchased through [email protected]. Requests for commercial use should be submitted via: www.fao.org/contact-us/licence- request. Queries regarding rights and licensing should be submitted to: [email protected]. iii PREPARATION OF THIS DOCUMENT This report presents the results of the Special Session convened by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) with support from Cirad (Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement) and NACA (Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific) during the joint World Aquaculture Society-European Aquaculture Society’s International Conference AQUA 2018, Montpellier, France, 25 August 2018. The report was prepared by Lionel Dabbadie, Austin Stankus, Xinhua Yuan and Matthias Halwart of FAO’s Aquaculture Branch. Danielle Blacklock reviewed the document and provided useful improvements. Junning Cai provided useful World Aquaculture Performance Indicators (WAPI) illustrations. The contributed papers are reproduced as submitted. iv ABSTRACT A workshop, aimed at collecting and documenting the diversity of integrated agriculture-aquaculture practices (IAA), was organized on 25 August 2018 in Montpellier during the International conference AQUA 2018 of the World and European Aquaculture Societies. The objectives were to clarify how an IAA implemented within an agroecological approach could help alleviating poverty and hunger, and to identify the knowledge gaps to be filled to ensure the sustainability of IAA. Twenty-five speakers presented background information and case studies in front of a full room. The various case studies showed that traditional rice-fish culture continues to expand, especially in areas like Madagascar, China or the Lao People's Democratic Republic where improvements have been developed with local stakeholders and indigenous communities. In China, rice is increasingly integrated with new, high market value, fed species such as mitten crab, crayfish, turtle etc. In Guinea, rice-fish integration has been adapted to develop technologies that allow for the culture of rice in fishponds. However, traditional animal-fish integration sometimes tend to stagnate or regress (Brazil, some parts of Asia) despite its benefits. Aquaponics is developing in many areas, including Near East (Oman), Asia (Indonesia), Caribbean or Europe. Recirculating systems with integration to non-fed species is growing fast: “shrimp toilets” (Thailand), raceways in ponds (China), “aquamimicry” (Thailand), integrated cages (Viet Nam), and compartmentalization (Europe). Ecological engineering is also being used in China to recreate a spatial environment with an overall neutral environmental impact. In coastal areas, improved mangrove-shrimp farming is being tested by Viet Nam. IMTA is also being tested, but often still at a pilot stage, especially in Europe. Use of pro- and prebiotics is developing, but not all products are as efficient and the purpose of their use is highly diverse, in particular in India, Bangladesh and Kenya. Efficient water use is a driver for developing IAA, especially in desert and arid lands like Egypt or Oman. Based on the case studies presented and the discussions that followed, recommendations were made, including the necessity to continue using agroecology to orient IAA development towards efficiency, to measure the environmental, economic and social performance of the improved systems, to define the transition paths to an upscaled sustainable IAA, or to produce some basic knowledge that is still lacking today. Special attention was paid to the constraints specific to small producers. v CONTENTS Context ...............................................................................................................................................................1 Opening presentation (Matthias Halwart) ..........................................................................................................1 History of IAA and agroecology in aquaculture (Peter Edwards) ......................................................................1 Agroecology and its use in aquaculture (Malcolm Beveridge) ..........................................................................2 Social dimensions of IAA and agroecology (Mike Phillips) ..............................................................................4 Ecological approaches for better microbial management in intensive shrimp farming (Patrick Sorgeloos) ......4 Current practices and perspectives for IAA in Asia (Derun Yuan) ....................................................................5 The activities of the Songhai centre in Africa (Godfrey Nzamujo) ....................................................................6 IAA and agroecology in the European Union (Joël Aubin) ...............................................................................7 Malagasy rice-fish farming (Jean-Michel Mortillaro) ........................................................................................8 The use of probiotics in aquaculture (Francis Murray) ......................................................................................9 Biomimicry in aquaculture (Salin Kr.) .............................................................................................................10 Aquaponics for development (Austin Stankus) ................................................................................................11 Aquaponics in Oman (Wenresti Gallardo) .......................................................................................................12 Integrated Malagasy aquaculture (Diana E. Andria-Mananjara) ......................................................................13 Guinean pisciriziculture (Sidiki Keita) .............................................................................................................14 Integrated animal-fish aquaculture in Southern Brazil (Manoel Xavier Pedroza Filho) ..................................15 Aquaculture in deserts and arid lands (Valerio Crespi)