Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina ISSN: 0373-5680 [email protected] Sociedad Entomológica Argentina Argentina LAVAGNINO, Nicolás J.; CARREIRA, Valeria P.; MENSCH, Julián; HASSON, Esteban; FANARA, Juan J. Geographic distribution and hosts of Zaprionus indianus (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in North-Eastern Argentina Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina, vol. 67, núm. 1-2, 2008, pp. 189-192 Sociedad Entomológica Argentina Buenos Aires, Argentina Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=322028482021 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto ISSN 0373-5680 Rev. Soc. Entomol. Argent. 67 (1-2): 189-192, 2008 189 NOTA CIENTÍFICA Geographic distribution and hosts of Zaprionus indianus (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in North-Eastern Argentina LAVAGNINO, Nicolás J., Valeria P. CARREIRA, Julián MENSCH, Esteban HASSON and Juan J. FANARA Laboratorio de Evolución. Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Pabellón II. Ciudad Universitaria. C1428HA. Buenos Aires, Argentina; e-mail: [email protected] Distribución geográfica y hospedadores de Zaprionus indianus (Diptera: Drosophilidae) en el noreste de Argentina RESUMEN. El primer registro publicado de la especie africana Zaprionus indianus Gupta 1970 en el continente Americano se refiere a individuos observados en frutos caídos de «caqui» (Diospyros kaki Linnaei) en la ciudad de São Paulo, (Brasil) en Marzo de 1999. Desde esa fecha, esta especie ha colonizado ambientes naturales y perturbados en todo el continente. En el presente trabajo, confirmamos la presencia de Z. indianus en el noreste de Argentina y mostramos que, en algunas localidades, representa una alta proporción entre las especies de drosofílidos colectados. Nuestra investigación reveló que esta especie invasora es capaz de criarse y alimentarse en un amplio rango de plantas hospedadoras tanto nativas como cultivadas. PALABRAS CLAVE. Distribución geográfica. Bioinvasión. Zaprionus indianus. Argentina. ABSTRACT. The first published record of the African drosophilid Zaprionus indianus Gupta 1970 in the Americas refers to individuals observed on fallen persimmon (Diospyros kaki Linnaei, «caqui») fruits in São Paulo city (Brazil) in March 1999. Since that date, this species colonized altered and natural environments across the continent. In the present work we report new records for Z. indianus in north eastern Argentina. Moreover, our results showed that this species represents a fairly high proportion among collected drosophilids in some sampling sites. Our survey also revealed that this invading species has the ability to breed and feed in a wide range of native and cultivated host-plants. KEY WORDS. Geographic distribution. Bioinvasion. Zaprionus indianus. Argentina. Zaprionus indianus Gupta 1970 areas of South America (De Toni et al., (Diptera: Drosophilidae), commonly known 2001; Goñi et al., 2001, 2002; Santos et as «the African fig fly», is an afrotropical al., 2003; Tidon et al., 2003), Central and drosophilid (Chassagnard & Kraaijeveld, North America (van der Linde et al., 2006). 1991; Chasssagnard & Tsacas, 1993) first This widespread distribution of Z. indianus collected in the American continent in São is an indication of its great colonizing ability Pablo, Brazil in 1999 (Vilela, 1999). After (Santos et al., 2003; Yassin & Abou-Youssef, this first report, it has been found in other 2004), which could be related to the large Recibido: 31-I-2008; aceptado: 16-V-2008 190 Rev. Soc. Entomol. Argent. 67 (1-2): 189-192, 2008 Fig. 1. Location of the 11 collection sites. Black and grey points indicate the presence and the absence of Zaprionus indianus, respectively. number of fruit-producing plant species used determined into species whenever possible as breeding and feeding sites by this species (emerged flies). We identified Z. indianus by (Lachaise & Tascas, 1983; Goñi et al., 2002; its overall yellowish thorax and abdomen and Raga, 2002; van der Linde et al, 2006). Z. the narrow silver bands bordered by black indianus not only uses decaying fruit as bands along the head, thorax and scutellum breeding sites, it also infests early-ripening (van der Linde, 2006). fruits (Vilela et al., 2001; Raga et al., 2003). Adult flies of Z. indianus were collected After the first record of this species in in 8 out of the 11 localities surveyed (Table Argentina (Soto et al., 2006), we increase our I). The abundance of Z. indianus relative to knowledge by describing its distributional other drosophilids was low (less than 20 %) range and the resources used as breeding and except in Montecarlo (40%) and Las Lomitas feeding sites in several localities of north- (90%). Z. indianus emerged from the eastern Argentina. Eleven localities decaying fruits of 7 different species (Table distributed along the Paraná River Basin were I): Psidium guajava Linnaei («guava»), sampled between February 21st and March Opuntia ficus indica Miller («prickly pear»), 5th 2007 (Fig. 1, Table I). We applied two Carica papaya Linnaei («mamón» or methods to quantify the relative abundance «papaya»), Mangifera indica Linnaei of Z. indianus: i) net sweeping over fermented («mango»), Diospyros sp. («caqui») (we are banana baits or rotting fruits laying on the unsure of the specific status of the specimens ground (collected flies); and ii) fruit collection collected in the field; they are most likely in locations where decaying fruits were either D. virginiana Linnaei, D. chinensis available on the ground. Collected fruits were Blume or D. kaki Linnaei), Averrhoa stored in plastic containers and transported carambola Linnaei («carambola») and Prunus to the lab. All flies emerging during the persica Linnaei («peach»). We also collected following two weeks were aspirated daily and it from immature «guava» fruits; this LAVAGNINO, N. et al. Geographic distribution of Zaprionus indianus in Argentina 191 Table I. Geographic coordinates and potential hosts of Zaprionus indianus at study sites. For collected and emerged samples, relative abundance of Z. indianus is also shown, calculated as the percentage of Z. indianus over a total of flies sampled. Locality Presence Relative abundance Coordinate Host (Province) of Z. indianus Collected Emerged San Pedro 33º 44´ 45,2´´ S (Buenos No “Apple”, “Pear” - - 59º 43´ 51,2´´ W Aires) Diamante 32º 2´ 49´´ S No Opuntia cordobensis -- (Entre Ríos) 60º 35´ 11,4´´ W “Guava”, “Prickly Bella Vista 28º 26´59,4´´ S Yes pear”, “Mamon o NA - (Corrientes) 58º 59´ 12,6´´ W Papaya” Ituzaingó 27º 34’ 45,9’’ S Yes “Mango” 10% - (Corrientes) 56º 29’ 30,1’’ W Iguazú 25º 40´ 47´´ S Yes “Guava”, “Carambola” 10% 14.6% (Misiones) 54º 26’ 57´´ W Montecarlo 26º 33´ 43,2´´ S “Guava”, “Caqui”, Yes 40% 47.3% (Misiones) 54º 40´15,4´´ W “Prickly pear” Colonia 27º 19´ 6,6´´ S 58º Benítez Yes “Mango” 20% - 56´58,4´´ W (Chaco) Palo Santo 25º 33´ 8´´ S Yes “Guava” 10% 73.7% (Formosa) 59º 17´ 2,7´´ W Las Lomitas 24º 39´59,8´´ S 60º Yes “Guava” 90% - (Formosa) 33´ 41,7´´ W Ingeniero 23º 53´ 58,6´´ S Juárez No Opuntia quimilo -- 61º 51´3,7´´ W (Formosa) Vipos 26º 29´ 5,6´´ S 65º Yes “Peach” NA 4.2% (Tucumán) 19´ 5,6´´ W infestation of immature fruits occurs probably adults flies to lay eggs and feed (Raga, 2002). because fruits were previously damaged. Until As a result of this process, the fig commercial this report, infestation of immature fruits was production in Brazil was reduced by 50% and reported only in figs; but in this case as a Z. indianus is considered a pest in Brazil consequence of figs’ particular morphology (Vilela et al., 2001; Raga, 2002). Therefore, in the ostiole region of their infructescences attention should be paid to Z. indianus (Raga et al., 2003). Furthermore, Gomes et invasion in Argentina because of possible al. (2003) demonstrated the presence of the negative effects on commercial fruit yeast Candida tropicalis Berkhout in figs cultivations. infested by Z. indianus, which increased the Several collecting trips have been decaying process of the fruit, thus attracting performed by the authors to the area surveyed 192 Rev. Soc. Entomol. Argent. 67 (1-2): 189-192, 2008 in this study in the last 20 years, and the 3. DE TONI, D. C., P. R. P. HOFMANN & V. L. S. VALENTE. 2001. First record of Zaprionus indianus (Diptera, presence of Z. indianus has never been Drosophilidae) in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. detected (E. Hasson and J. J. Fanara field notes Biotemas 14 (1): 71 – 85. 4. GOMES L. H., S. ECHEVERRIGARAY, J. H. CONTI, M. V. M. and unpublished results), suggesting that this LOURENCO & K. M. R. DUARTE. 2003. Presence of species expanded rapidly in north-eastern the yeast Candida tropicalis in figs infected by the Argentina. In a recent collecting trip (April fruit fly Zaprionus indianus (Dip.: Drosophilidae). Braz. J. Microbiol. 34: 5-7. 2008) Z. indianus was found in Ituzaingó 5. GOÑI B., P. FRESIA, M. CALVINO, M. J. FERREIRO, V. L. S. (Corrientes) and Montecarlo (Misiones), VALENTE & L. BASSO DA SILVA. 2001. First record of Zaprionus indianus Gupta, 1970 (Diptera confirming that this species is still present in Drosophilidae) in southern localities of Uruguay. north-eastern Argentina after two years of its Dros. Inf. Serv. 84: 61–65. 6. GOÑI, B., M. E. MARTINEZ, G. TECHERA & P. FRESIA. first record. In conclusion, our survey shows 2002. Increased frequencies of Zaprionus indianus a persistent presence of Zaprionus indianus Gupta, 1970 (Diptera, Drosophilidae) in Uruguay. in north-eastern Argentina and reveals the Dros. Inf. Serv. 85: 75-80. 7. GUPTA, J. P. 1970. Description of a new species of diversity of fruits that this species can use as hosts. Phorticella zaprionus (Drosophilidae) from India.