PREPRINT Posted on 17/09/2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e58764 Lilium longiflorum var. longiflorum (Liliaceae), a neglected lily of Taiwan Chien-Ti Chao Not peer-reviewed, not copy-edited manuscript submitted to: Biodiversity Data Journal Disclaimer on biological nomenclature and use of preprints The preprints are preliminary versions of works accessible electronically in advance of publication of the final version. They are not issued for purposes of botanical, mycological or zoological nomenclature and are not effectively/validly published in the meaning of the Codes. Therefore, nomenclatural novelties (new names) or other nomenclatural acts (designations of type, choices of priority between names, choices between orthographic variants, or choices of gender of names) should NOT be posted in preprints. 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Such advance electronic access does not advance the date of publication of a work, as preliminary versions are not published (Article 9.9)". Not peer-reviewed, not copy-edited manuscript posted on September 17, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e58764 Lilium longiflorum var. longiflorum (Liliaceae), a neglected lily of Taiwan Chien-Ti Chao ‡ ‡ National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City, Taiwan Corresponding author: Chien-Ti Chao ([email protected]) Abstract Background The genus Lilium comprises ca. 100 species and famous byb its showy flowers. In Taiwan, four taxa were recorded in Flora of Taiwan, namely L. callosum, L. formosanum, L. speciosum var. gloriosoides, and L. longiflorum var. scabrum. New information In this article, the author reported a newly recorded lily taxon, Lilium longiflorum Thunb. var. longiflorum. This variety is morphologically similar to the other two endemic taxa, L. longiflorum Thunb. var. scabrum Masam. and L. formosanum Wallace of Taiwan, and is often misidentified as such. However, L. longiflorum var. longiflorum is distinguished from them by having subglabrous stems, and tepals without purplish stripes. Lilium longiflorum var. longiflorum has only been found in the remote islands of Taiwan, such as Lanyu, Lutao, and Pengchia Islet. The conservation status of the two varieties of L. longiflorum of Taiwan was re-evaluated and assigned as near threatened (NT). Keywords Liliaceae, Lilium longiflorum Thunb. var. longiflorum, plant taxonomy, Taiwan Introduction Lilium L. is the type genus of Liliaceae which comprises about 110 species distributed in subtropical to alpine regions of the northern hemisphere, especially in East Asia (Chen et al. 2000, Tamura 1998). The characteristic species of this genus are bulbiferous perennial herbs, with sessile or sub-sessile leaves, terminal inflorescences of colorful, nectar-bearing flowers, 3-loculed superior ovaries with numerous ovules, and loculicidal capsules with © Chao C. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Not peer-reviewed, not copy-edited manuscript posted on September 17, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e58764 flattened seeds (Chen et al. 2000, Utech 2002, Ying 2000). In Taiwan, four taxa were treated in the second edition of Flora of Taiwan (Ying 2000), namely L. callosum Siebold & Zucc., L. formosanum Wallace, L. longiflorum Thunb. var. scabrum Masam., and L. speciosum Thunb. var. gloriosoides Baker. Among these, L. formosanum and L. longiflorum var. scabrum are similar in morphology and classified into section Leucolirion, which includes species with trumpet-shaped flowers, recurved tepals and filaments and a relatively large stigma (Comber 1949). The record of L. longiflorum in Taiwan can be traced back to Henry (1896), who compiled the first comprehensive plant list of Taiwan. He recorded this species in Tamsui and the South Cape region. In 1906, Matsumura and Hayata (1906) confirmed Henry’s record and reported specimens from Senton and Biōritsu. Kawakami (1910) recorded this species in Taiwan without location and specimen information. Hayata (1917) included L. longiflorum in his list of Taiwanese plants, stating that the specimen was not found by him, but that the record might have come from the survey of Matsumura and Hayata (1906). Sasaki (1928) and Masamune (1936) recorded this species on the east coast of Taiwan in Lutao and Lanyu. Masamune (1939) described a new variety L. longiflorum var. scabrum based on the presence of scabrous stems. Masamune (1954) made a new combination of this variety under L. japonicum , as L. japonicum Houtt. var. scabrum (Masam.) Masam. However, Liu and Ying (1978) and Ying (2000) did not accept this taxon and considered L. japonicum var. scabrum as a synonym of L. longiflorum var. scabrum. The records of L. longiflorum of Sasaki (1928) and Masamune (1936) were treated as misinterpretations of L. longiflorum var. scabrum by Liu and Ying (1978) and Ying (2000). Upon visiting Lanyu for the first time in 2009, the author noticed a native lily that had white flowers without purplish stripes. This specimen was different from the other taxa native to Taiwan, and plants were collected for identification on a subsequent visit to Lanyu. After reviewing the relevant literature, this lily was identified as L. longiflorum var. longiflorum, and was mentioned only in some informal records provided by local plant enthusiasts in the online forum, Nature Campus (Ahsiang 2014), and on Facebook (Yang 2017). Although many photos and morphological comparisons were provided for identification, formal records with detailed morphological description, specimen examinations, distribution maps, and conservation status were needed for this taxon. Materials and methods Study materials were obtained from herbarium sheets and field investigation. The following herbaria were examined: HAST, TAI, TAIF, TCF, TNM, and PPI, and the herbarium acronyms were those given by Thiers (2020). Voucher specimen were deposited in TCF and TAIF. Evaluation of conservation status of L. longiflorum var. longiflorum and L. longiflorum var. scabrum of Taiwan followed the criteria of Editorial Committee of the Red List of Vascular Plants of Taiwan (2017). 2 Not peer-reviewed, not copy-edited manuscript posted on September 17, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e58764 Taxon treatment Lilium longiflorum longiflorum Thunb. Materials a. country: Taiwan; county: Taitung; locality: Lanyu Township, Tungching; year: 1976; month: 1; day: 11; fieldNumber: C.E.Chang 938; institutionCode: PPI b. country: Taiwan; county: Taitung; locality: Little Lanyu; year: 2003; month: 3; day: 21; fieldNumber: C. L. Yeh & C. R. Yeh 86; institutionCode: PPI c. country: Taiwan; county: Taitung; locality: Lanyu; year: 2015; month: 4; day: 5; fieldNumber: P. H. Chen 593; institutionCode: PPI d. country: Taiwan; county: Taitung; locality: Lanyu; year: 1962; month: 4; day: 22; fieldNumber: C. E. Chang 2877; institutionCode: PPI e. country: Taiwan; county: Taitung; locality: Lanyu; year: 1926; month: 6; day: 8; fieldNumber: S. Sasaki s.n.; institutionID: 29261; institutionCode: TAI f. country: Taiwan; county: Taitung; locality: Lanyu; year: 1920; month: 2; day: 7; fieldNumber: S. Sasaki s.n.; institutionID: 29264; institutionCode: TAI g. country: Taiwan; county: Taitung; locality: Lanyu; year: 1924; month: 5; fieldNumber: S. Sasaki s.n.; institutionID: 29265; institutionCode: TAI h. country: Taiwan; county: Taitung; locality: Lanyu; year: 1907; month: 4; day: 15; fieldNumber: S. Sasaki s.n.; institutionID: 29262; institutionCode: TAI i. country: Taiwan; county: Taitung; locality: Lanyu; year: 1984; month: 6; day: 15; fieldNumber: W. L. Chiou 11472; institutionCode: TAIF j. country: Taiwan; county: Taitung; locality: Lanyu; year: 1985; month: 4; day: 3; fieldNumber: T. Y. Yang 1610; institutionCode: TNM k. country: Taiwan; county: Taitung; locality: from RadWaste Administration's nuclear waste depository to Helmet Rock; year: 1993; month: 2; day: 28; fieldNumber: H. L. Ho 1113; institutionCode: HAST, PPI l. country: Taiwan; county: Taitung; locality: Lanyu Imororu; year: 1936; month: 4; day: 9; fieldNumber: H. Simada SH1344; institutionCode: TAI m. country: Taiwan; county: Taitung; locality: Chingching grassland; year: 2007; month: 2; day: 7; fieldNumber: Y. R. Chen & S. P. Chi 45; institutionCode: TAI, TAIF n. country: Taiwan; county: Taitung; locality: Chingching grassland; year: 2005; month: 3; day: 26; fieldNumber: T. Y. A. Yang 17241, 17242, 17243; institutionCode: TNM o. country: Taiwan; county: Taitung; locality: Chingching grassland; year: 1997;