Heritage, Natural Capital & Ecosystem Services Case Studies on the Dorset Stour and Tyne to Tees Marine Area Antony Firth January 2020 A report for Historic England Fjordr ref: 16440 / 16450 Historic England ref: HE 7751 / HE 7752 Title Heritage, Natural Capital & Ecosystem Services Case Studies on the Dorset Stour and Tyne to Tees Marine Area HE Reference HE 7751/HE 7752 Fjordr Ref / Version 16440 / 16450 Authors Antony Firth Derivation Origination Date 20/09/18 Date of Last Revision 24/01/20 Summary of Changes Amended following comments on draft report by Historic England Status / Required Action Final report for Historic England Circulation Historic England File Name / Location HNCES - Dorset Stour and Tyne to Tees Marine Area - Fjordr 240120 Cover images: Cut Mill, Dorset Stour; Tall ship leaving the Tyne (AJ Firth / Fjordr) i Contents 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Background .............................................................................................................. 1 1.2. Project Aim, Objectives and Products ........................................................................... 4 2. Integrating Heritage in Natural Capital and Ecosystem Services approaches: a methodology ....... 5 2.1. Categorisation of Natural Capital / Ecosystem Services .................................................. 5 2.2. People and Ecosystems .............................................................................................. 9 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 9 First dimension........................................................................................................ 10 Second dimension ................................................................................................... 10 Third dimension ...................................................................................................... 11 Fourth dimension .................................................................................................... 12 Fifth dimension ....................................................................................................... 13 2.3. A framework for Heritage, Natural Capital and Ecosystem Services................................ 13 The importance of heritage in the case study areas ..................................................... 14 Heritage as Natural Capital / Ecosystem Services ........................................................ 14 People’s role in shaping the environment ................................................................... 14 Valuing Natural Capital / Ecosystem Services .............................................................. 15 People and the environment ..................................................................................... 16 HNCES Logic Chain .................................................................................................. 16 3. Dorset Stour Case Study ................................................................................................... 23 3.1. Background to Case Study ........................................................................................ 23 3.2. The importance of heritage in the case study area ...................................................... 24 3.3. Heritage as Natural Capital / Ecosystem Services ........................................................ 28 Heritage as Cultural ES on the Dorset Stour................................................................ 28 Non-cultural ES from heritage on the Dorset Stour ...................................................... 31 3.4. How people have shaped the environment ................................................................. 34 3.5. How Natural Capital / Ecosystem Services are valued .................................................. 37 3.6. The relationship between people and the environment ................................................ 41 4. Tyne to Tees Case Study ................................................................................................... 44 4.1. Background to Case Study ........................................................................................ 44 4.2. The importance of heritage in the case study area ...................................................... 45 4.3. Heritage as Natural Capital / Ecosystem Services ........................................................ 49 Heritage as Cultural ES in the Tyne to Tees marine area .............................................. 49 Non-cultural ES from heritage in the Tyne to Tees marine area .................................... 52 4.4. How people have shaped the environment ................................................................. 56 4.5. How Natural Capital / Ecosystem Services are valued .................................................. 59 4.6. The relationship between people and the environment ................................................ 60 5. Conclusion and Recommendations ...................................................................................... 64 6. References ...................................................................................................................... 69 ii Tables Table 1: Ecosystem Services in MEA ............................................................................................ 5 Table 2: Ecosystem Services in CICES .......................................................................................... 8 Table 3: Scheduled monuments in vicinity of Dorset Stour ........................................................... 25 Table 4: Definitions of cultural ES, CICES ................................................................................... 29 Table 5: Correlation of biotic and abiotic cultural ES, CICES ......................................................... 30 Table 6: Historic land use – area of Historic Watercourse Polygons in Dorset Stour ......................... 33 Table 7: Osiers and withies – area of Historic Watercourse Polygons in Dorset Stour ....................... 33 Table 8: Broad temporal patterning of human intervention in watercourses from Dorset Stour ......... 35 Table 9: Examples of historical ES evident on Dorset Stour .......................................................... 40 Table 10: Designated heritage assets in the SeaScapes project area ............................................. 46 Table 11: Designated heritage assets in the marine area (outside SeaScapes project area) .............. 47 Table 12: Biotic and abiotic cultural ES, CICES ............................................................................ 50 Table 13: Monthly sea fisheries statistics, December 2018 ........................................................... 55 Figures Figure 1: Dorset Stour ............................................................................................................... 1 Figure 2: Tyne to Tees marine area ............................................................................................. 2 Figure 3: Relationship between concepts in NCC approach (Natural Capital Committee, 2014, p. 7) .... 5 Figure 4: Metrics for NCC approach (Natural Capital Committee, 2014, p. 11) .................................. 6 Figure 5: Natural England logic chain for cultural ES (Lusardi et al., 2018, p. 8)................................ 9 Figure 6: HNCES logic chain - relationship between assets, services, benefits and value/need .......... 17 Figure 7: HNCES logic chain - human intervention frames assets .................................................. 17 Figure 8: HNCES logic chain - human interventions to address wants and needs are directed towards a physical, external environment .................................................................................... 18 Figure 9: HNCES logic chain - the whole chain is subject to natural processes/drivers ..................... 19 Figure 10: HNCES logic chain - the whole chain is also subject to cultural processes/drivers ............ 19 Figure 11: HNCES logic chain - the chain is historically-situated and has considerable time-depth ..... 20 Figure 12: HNCES logic chain - relation to heritage...................................................................... 21 iii Acknowledgements This document reports on two projects commissioned by Historic England (HE) as part of Historic England’s Heritage Protection Commissions programme. The two projects – case studies on the Dorset Stour (HE ref: 7751) and Tyne to Tees marine area (HE ref: 7752) – form part of suite of case studies commissioned by Historic England following a Call for Proposals on Heritage, Natural Capital and Ecosystem Services (HNCES). We are particularly grateful to Hannah Fluck, Historic England’s lead on the HNCES case studies; Gareth Watkins, Historic England’s Project Assurance Officer; and to the staff of Historic England’s Commissions team. Historic Environment data relating to the Dorset Stour was taken directly from the Historic Watercourses: Dorset Stour project (HE re: 7244); please see Firth and Firth (2020) for further information. Historic environment data for the Tyne to Tees case study comprised data from Historic England’s Listing Data Download Area1 and the National Heritage List for England (NHLE)2; from Historic England’s National Record of the Historic Environment (NRHE); and from the Historic