THE TRIUMPH OF PERFECTION RAPHAEL SIXTEENTH-CENTURY ITALIAN DRAWINGS AND PRINTS FROM THE MUSEUM OF FINE ARTS, BUDAPEST EXHIBITED WORKS long with Leonardo and Michelangelo, Raphael, the youngest of the Beside the Antique, young artists in Rome diligently copied Raphael’s works, Afamous master triad of the High Renaissance, made an exceptionally and their studies quickly transmitted the master’s vocabulary throughout Italy. deep impression on Italian art. Despite of his short career concentrated Parmigianino was an eminent artist of the new generation and one of the in Rome between 1508 and 1520, there was no artist untouched by his most original inventors of Italian Mannerism, many of whose Roman studies classical style. In his large workshop, many gifted young artists, such as clearly reflect Raphael’s compositions. Raphael was a major source also for Giulio Romano, Perino del Vaga, Polidoro da Caravaggio and Giovanni Giovanni Battista Franco, who played an important role in the dissemination da Udine, worked under Raphael’s supervision as associates and assistants, of Central Italian art in mid-sixteenth-century Venice. participating in the execution of his numerous significant commissions. Raphael was the first sixteenth-century painter who recognised the After Raphael’s premature death, members of his workshop completed their advantages of reproducing his compositions in print. From the early 1510s master’s suddenly interrupted projects and started their own flourishing printmakers working closely with his workshop, above all the most eminent careers. engraver of the period Marcantonio Raimondi, were conducting a very The Collection of Drawings and Prints in Budapest preserves six draw- successful undertaking. The appointment of Baviero de’ Carocci, Raphael’s ings by Raphael: an early study for his first Perugian altarpiece, the Oddi former assistant to supervise the publication of prints after the painter’s designs Coronation of the Virgin, a study for Saint Jerome from his stay in Florence, marks the birth of the highly organized print publishing business in Rome. the compositional sketch for the Disputa in the Vatican Palace, a powerful Along with Marcantonio Raimondi’s engravings, works by the most excellent Angel Head for the Sala di Costantino a unique preliminary drawing for the printmakers, such as Jacopo Caraglio, Agostino Veneziano and Marco Dente, renowned Massacre of the Innocents engraved by Marcantonio Raimondi, as well as by the outstanding chiaroscuro woodcutter Ugo da Carpi well illus- and the silverpoint Venus, a superb masterpiece of the High Renaissance. trate Raphael’s dominant role in contemporary Italian printmaking. Our collection is also remarkable for the drawings by Raphael’s pupils, The sixty masterpieces in the exhibition demonstrate Raphael’s genius as including ten authentic works by his most successful former assistant Giulio well as the next generation’s relation to his unparalleled artistic legacy. It is the Romano, fifteen by Perino del Vaga and three by Polidoro da Caravaggio. first occasion that the Esterházy Madonna is exhibited in the context of draw- We also own a beautiful series of five drawings by Tommaso Vincidor ings. Its underdrawing visible even to the naked eye, supported by a recent representing Giochi di Putti for the Medici Tapestries. A remarkable study technical analysis, offers an extraordinary occasion to understand Raphael’s from the circle of Raphael was drawn immediately after the excavation of working method. The exhibition provided occasion for the technical exam- the Laocoön group and represents the statue in its original state before the ination of Raphael’s drawings, the results of which are first published in the addition of supplements. volume accompanying the show. 1 4 Raphael Raphael (1483−1520) (1483−1520) The Assumption of the Virgin The Massacre of the Innocents c. 1503−4 c. 1511−12 Pen and brown ink, some traces of black chalk, Pen and brown ink a fragmentary motif in red chalk 260 × 400 mm 158 × 193 mm Inv. no. 2195 Inv. no. 1779 2 5 Raphael Marcantonio Raimondi (1483−1520) (1470/82−1527/34) Nude Studies, probably for Saint Jerome Raphael c. 1504−5 (1483−1520) The Massacre of the Innocents (with fir tree) Pen and brown ink c. 1511−12 238 × 146 mm Inv. no. 1936 Engraving 277 × 428 mm Inv. no. 5536 3 6 ANTONIO Pollaiuolo Marcantonio Raimondi (1432−1498) (1470/82−1527/34) Battle of the Nudes Raphael c. 1470−75 (1483−1520) The Massacre of the Innocents (without fir tree) Engraving c. 1513−15 407 × 590 mm Inv. no. 25094 Engraving 277 × 425 mm Inv. no. H.6871 5 7 10 Parmigianino Giovanni Battista Franco (1503−1540) (?1510−1561) Sleeping Cupid Study for a Group, after Raphael's Disputa c. 1524−30 c. 1545 Etching and engraving Pen and wash in brown ink, over black chalk 65 × 100 mm 241 × 395 mm Inv. no. 6291 Inv. no. 2196 8 11 Master ND Marcantonio Raimondi (fl c. 1520−50) (1470/82−1527/34) AFTER Giulio Romano Raphael (?1499−1546) (1483−1520) The Massacre of the Innocents Parnassus 1544 c. 1517−20 Chiaroscuro woodcut from three blocks Engraving 292 × 510 mm 353 × 468 mm Inv. no. 7333 Inv. no. 25102 9 Raphael (1483−1520) Design for a Temporary Decoration (recto) after 1509 Sketches for the Disputa (verso) c. 1508–9 Pen and brown ink, over black chalk 200 × 153 mm Inv. no. 1935 6 12 15 Giorgio Ghisi Marco DENTE (1520−1582) (?−1527) AFTER Raphael probably AFTER Raphael (1483−1520) (1483−1520) The School of Athens Laocoön 1550 c. 1517−19 Engraving Engraving 500 × 397 mm 276 × 392 mm Inv. no. 25380 Inv. no. 6863 13 16 Anonymous Artist Moderno (1467–1528) Laocoön The Flagellation of Christ c. 1509−10 c. 1506–9 Pen and wash in brown ink Bronze 473 × 325 mm 143 × 108 mm Inv. no. K.58.983 Inv. no. 7438 14 17 Marco DENTE Giulio Romano (?−1527) (?1499–1546) Laocoön Frieze of an Acanthus Scroll c. 1520−25 c. 1520 Engraving Pen and brown ink 464 × 326 mm 264 × 148 mm Inv. no. 6843 Inv. no. 1876 7 18 21 Marco DENTE Marcantonio Raimondi (?−1527) (1470/82−1527/34) Ornamental Panel Crouching Venus early 1520s c. 1509 Engraving Engraving 212 × 139 mm 222 × 148 mm Inv. no. 6833 Inv. no. 5610 19 22 Perino del Vaga Raphael (1501−1547) (1483−1520) Studies for Grotesques Venus c. 1545 c. 1511−14 Pen and brown ink Silverpoint 277 × 185 mm 190 × 75 mm Inv. no. 1917-191 Inv. no. 1934 20 Perino del Vaga (1501−1547) Studies for Friezes and a Crouching Female Nude (recto) Studies of Figures and a Frieze (verso) c. 1537−39 Pen and brown ink, some traces of red chalk 275 × 395 mm Inv. no. 1864 8 23 26 Marcantonio Raimondi Giulio Romano (1470/82−1527/34) (?1499−1546) Raphael Erotic Scene (1483−1520) after 1524 The Judgement of Paris c. 1518−20 Pen and wash in brown ink, over black chalk, heightened with white Engraving 130 × 226 mm 292 × 435 mm Inv. no. 2419 Inv. no. 5516 24 27 Giulio Bonasone Marcantonio Raimondi (c. 1510−after 1576) (1470/82−1527/34) The Judgement of Paris Bacchanal mid-1560s early 1510s Etching Engraving 298 × 458 mm 148 × 503 mm Inv. no. 6421 Inv. no. 5532 25 28 Giovanni Battista SCULTORI Marcantonio Raimondi (1503−1575) (1470/82−1527/34) Mars and Venus AFTER Raphael 1539 (1483−1520) Pan and the Infant Bacchus Engraving c. 1515−16 283 × 202 mm Inv. no. 5269 Engraving 125 × 92 mm Inv. no. 5616 9 29 32 Jacopo Caraglio Perino del Vaga (c. 1500/5–1565) (1501–1547) AFTER Perino del Vaga Battle of Centaurs and Lapiths (1501–1547) c. 1545–47 Vertumnus and Pomona 1527 Black chalk 197 × 284 mm Engraving Inv. no. 1868 210 × 136 mm Inv. no. 6758 30 33 Jacopo Caraglio Perino del Vaga (c. 1500/5–1565) (1501–1547) AFTER Perino del Vaga Sketches for the Decoration of a Ceiling (1501–1547) c. 1528–30 Jupiter and Mnemosyne 1527 Pen and brown ink 203 × 150 mm Engraving Inv. no. 1930 211 × 135 mm Inv. no. 6748 31 Perino del Vaga (1501–1547) Study for Saint George and the Dragon (recto) Figure Studies (verso) c. 1535 Pen and brown ink, over red chalk 215 × 258 mm Inv. no. 1794 10 34 37 Perino del Vaga Giulio Romano (1501–1547) (?1499–1546) Study for a Wall Decoration A Repast c. 1537 c. 1531–34 Pen and wash in brown and grey ink, over black chalk Pen and wash in brown ink, over black chalk, 420 × 290 mm heightened with white Inv. no. 1838 220 × 417 mm Inv. no. 2126 35 38 Polidoro da Caravaggio Raphael (c. 1499–c. 1543) (1483–1520) Design for a Decoration Head of an Angel c. 1520–24 c. 1519–20 Pen and wash in brown ink Greyish black chalk or charcoal and brownish charcoal, 320 × 217 mm heightened with white Inv. no. 1858 308 × 254 mm Inv. no. 1943 36 39 Giulio Romano attributed to Perino del Vaga (?1499–1546) (1501–1547) The Entombment The Triumph of David Late 1520s c. 1516–19 Pen and brown ink, over black chalk Pen and wash in brown ink 143 × 215 mm 262 × 397 mm Inv. no. 1877 Inv. no. 2194 11 40 43 Raphael Marcantonio Raimondi (1483–1520) (1470/82−1527/34) Esterházy Madonna David c. 1507–8 c. 1506 Tempera and oil, on panel Engraving 28.5 × 21.5 cm 170 × 107 mm Inv. no. 71 Inv. no. 5570 41 44 albrecht DÜRER Marcantonio Raimondi (1471–1528) (1470/82−1527/34) The Visitation Probably AFTER Giorgione c. 1503–4 (?1477/8−1510) The Dream of Raphael Woodcut c. 1507−8 298 × 210 mm Inv.