BUILDING LEGITIMACY THE MEDIEVAL MEDITERRANEAN PEOPLES, ECONOMIES AND CULTURES, 400-1500 EDITORS Hugh Kennedy (St. Andrews) Paul Magdalino (St. Andrews) David Abulafia (Cambridge) Benjamin Arbel (Tel Aviv) Mark Meyerson (Toronto) Larry J. Simon (Western Michigan University) VOLUME 53 MMED-53-alfonso.qxd 09/09/2003 16:49 Page iii BUILDING LEGITIMACY Political Discourses and Forms of Legitimacy in Medieval Societies EDITED BY ISABEL ALFONSO, HUGH KENNEDY AND JULIO ESCALONA BRILL LEIDEN • BOSTON 2004 MMED-53-alfonso.qxd 09/09/2003 16:49 Page iv This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Building legitimacy / edited by Isabel Alfonso, Hugh Kennedy, and Julio Escalona. p. cm. — (Medieval Mediterranean ; v. 53) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 90-04-13305-4 1. Legitimacy of governments—Europe—History—To 1500. 2. Europe—Kings and rulers—Succession. 3. Law, Medieval. I. Alfonso, Isabel. II. Kennedy, Hugh (Hugh N.) III. Escalona, Julio. IV. Series. KJ755.B85 2003 320.94’01’1—dc22 2003052249 ISSN 0928–5520 ISBN 90 04 13305 4 © Copyright 2004 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Brill provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910 Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. printed in the netherlands alfonso_f1_prelims 1/5/04 9:53 AM Page v v CONTENTS List of Contributors .................................................................... vii Introduction ................................................................................ ix Isabel Alfonso and Julio Escalona PART ONE LEGITIMATION IN CONTEXT Conflict, Power and Legitimation in Francia in the Late Seventh and Eighth Centuries .............................................. 3 Paul Fouracre A Crisis of Fidelity in c. 1000? ................................................ 27 Stephen White Judicial Rhetoric and Political Legitimation in Medieval León-Castile ............................................................................ 51 Isabel Alfonso Legitimation, Designation and Succession to the Throne in Fourteenth-Century England ................................................ 89 Chris Given-Wilson The King’s Face on the Territory: Royal Officers, Discourse and Legitimating Practices in Thirteenth- and Fourteenth-Century Castile ............................................ 107 Cristina Jular Pérez-Alfaro The Importance of Being Earnest: Urban Elites and the Distribution of Power in Castilian Towns in the Late Middle Ages ............................................................................ 139 José Antonio Jara Fuente alfonso_f1_prelims 1/5/04 9:53 AM Page vi vi PART TWO DISCOURSES OF POLITICAL LEGITIMATION The Strengthening of Royal Power in Castile under Alfonso XI .............................................................................. 179 Carlos Estepa Family Memories: Inventing Alfonso I of Asturias ................ 223 Julio Escalona An Interpreter of Law and Power in a Region of Medieval Poland: Abbot Peter of Henryków and is Book ................ 263 Piotr Górecki Political Struggle and the Legitimation of the Toledan Primacy: The Pars Lateranii Concilii ...................................... 291 Patrick Henriet Albertano of Brescia, Rolandino of Padua and the Rhetoric of Legitimation ...................................................... 319 Frances Andrews Index .......................................................................................... 341 alfonso_f1_prelims 1/5/04 9:53 AM Page vii vii LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS I A A, Ph.D. (1980) in Political Science, Universidad Complutense (Madrid), is Investigadora Científica at Instituto de His- toria (CSIC), Madrid. Her research covers medieval rural history, the Cistercians, and legal and political culture, including the co-editing of Lucha política. Condena y legitimatión en la España Medieval (Lyon, 2003). F A is Lecturer in Mediaeval History at the University of St. Andrews, Scotland. She specialises in Italian ecclesiastical and social history and her recent publications include The Early Humiliati (1999). J E M, Ph.D. (1996) in Medieval History, Universidad Complutense (Madrid), is Investigador Contratado at Instituto de His- toria (CSIC), Madrid. He has published on medieval territoriality, and on document forgeries and the invention of the past, and co-edited Lucha política. Condena y legitimatión en la España Medieval (Lyon, 2003). C E is Research Professor at the Instituto de Historia (CSIC), Madrid. He specialises in history of Castilian countries in the Middle Ages. His recent publications are Los señoríos de behetría (coord. with Cristina Jular) (2001) and Las behetrías castellanas (2003). P F is Professor of Medieval History at the University of Manchester, England. He specialises in early medieval history and his recent publications include The Age of Charles Martel (2000). C G-W is Professor of Late Mediaeval History at the University of St. Andrews, Scotland. He specialises in the political and social history of late mediaeval England, and in historical writing. His recent publications include Chronicles of the Revolution 1397–1400 (1993) and The Chronicle of Adam Usk. P G is Associate Professor of History at the University of California, Riverside. He specializes in the social history of law, with emphasis on thirteenth-century Poland. His recent publications include alfonso_f1_prelims 1/5/04 9:53 AM Page viii viii numerous articles, and, as co-editor, Conflict in Medieval Europe: Changing Perspectives on Society and Culture (2003). P H is “Maître de conférences” at the university of Paris IV-Sorbonne. He specialises in hagiography. His recent publica- tions include La parole et la prière au Moyen Âge. (2000), and A la recherche de légitimités chrétiennes? Représentations de l’espace et du temps dans l’Espagne des IX e–XIII e siècle (éd.) (2003). J A J F is a Research Fellow at the Instituto de Historia (CSIC), Madrid. He specialises in Urban History in the Late Middle Ages and his recent publications include Concejo, poder y élites. La clase dominante de Cuenca en el siglo XV (2000). C J P-A is a Research Fellow at the Instituto de Historia (CSIC), Madrid. She specialises in clientship and patronage amongst the Castilian medieval noblemen and royal delegates. Her recent publications include (coord. with Carlos Estepa) Los señoríos de behetría (2001). H K is Professor of Middle Eastern History at the University of St. Andrews, Scotland, and has published extensively on the Islamic World in the Middle Ages, including The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates (London, 1986) and Muslim Spain and Portugal: a political his- tory of al-Andalus (London, 1996). S D. W is Professor of Medieval History at Emory Uni- versity. He specialises in the history of eleventh- and twelfth century France and England and his recent publications include “Fiefs for Service or Service for Fiefs,” in Gadi Al-Gazi et al. eds., Négocier le don (2003). alfonso_f1_prelims 1/5/04 9:53 AM Page ix ix INTRODUCTION I A J E Instituto de Historia (CSIC) This book presents a selection of papers exploring the many ways by which medieval political powers sought to legitimize themselves, the political discourses through which this was effected, and a wide range of related problems. All of the papers were produced in the course of a series of collaborative projects running from 1999, and still going on today. With the precedent of a meeting on Legal devel- opment, judicial practice and political action,1 the main core of this research group gathered around a project at the Instituto de Historia (CSIC, Madrid)2 which was expanded with a bilateral project with the Department of Mediaeval History of the University of St. Andrews (UK).3 Gathering a large group of scholars from different academic backgrounds and fields of expertise is always a complicated task, but also the best way to establish comparative perspectives, and to fos- ter discussions on concepts, methods and approaches. Over two years communication was intense, members of both institutes exchanging visits, seminars and discussions. After a plenary meeting in Madrid, a Symposium was held in March 2001 in St. Andrews, in which occasion other invited scholars joined the group. Nine out of eleven essays in this volume have been selected from the much larger material resulting from those activities up to the St. Andrews symposium. Two—Henriet, Jular—are contributions by members of the French CNRS-sponsored SIREM project,4 to which 1 Meeting convened by Isabel Alfonso in Madrid, 1997, published in Alfonso, I., coord. (1997): “Desarrollo legal, prácticas judiciales y acción política en la Europa medieval”, Hispania, 197: 879–1077, with contributions by I. Alfonso, John Hudson, Josep María Salrach, Daniel L. Smail, Stephen White and Chris Wickham. 2 Research Project Lucha y legitimación política en León y Castilla (siglos X–XV), led by Isabel Alfonso and funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología [PB98–0655]. 3 Political discourses and forms of legitimation in the Middle Ages (project jointly spon- sored by the Spanish Ministry of Education and the British Council