TAXONOMY OF THE POCKET GOPHER, THOMOMYS BAILEYI Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Lane, James Dale, 1937- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 29/09/2021 14:13:47 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284655 This dissertation has been microfilmed exactly as received 66-1037 LANE, James Dale, 1937— TAXONOMY OF THE POCKET GOPHER, THOMOMYS BAILEYI. University of Arizona, Ph.D., 1965 Zoology University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan TAXONOMY OF THE POCKET GOPHER, THOMOMYS RA n.F.yT by Jamas Dale Lane A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1965 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE I hereby recommend that this dissertation prepared under my direction by ______________J_ am__ e _s __D_al _e__ Lan ___e ____________________ __ entitled TAXONOHY OF THE POCKET GOPHER , THOHO 1YS BAILEY! be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement of the degree of ______DO_ C_T_OR__ OF_ P_H_I_L_OS_OP_ HY_________ _ Dissertation Director After inspection of the dissertation, the following members of the Final Examination Committee concur in its approval and recommend its acceptance:* *This approval and acceptance is contingent on the candidate's adequate performance and defense of this dissertation at the final oral examination. The inclusion of this sheet bound into the library copy of the dissertation is evidenceof satisfactory performance at the final examination. PLEASE NOTE: Not original copy. Pages tend to "curl" throughout. Filmed in the best possible way. University Microfilms, Inc. STATEMENT 5Y AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or re­ production of this manuscript in whole or- in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his judgment the proposed use of the material i3 in the in­ terests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED i sCttftjt ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to express my sincere thanks and gratitude to various members of the faculty and graduate students of the University of Arizona who have aided me in the completion of this paper. I am particularly grateful to my major professor, Dr. E. Lendell Cockrum, who ha3 devoted long hours for me through graduate school and on the preparation of this paper. I also wi3h to thank Dr. Howard K. Gloyd for his careful and thorough editing of this paper. I am indebted to Ross Dingman for his aid in the field and to Alfred Gardner for his profuse advice. I es­ pecially wiah to acknowledge the excellent aid of James L. Patton for the figures. I wish to thank the Numerical Analysis Laboratory for pro­ viding computer time. For the loan of specimens, I wish to thank the following people: Dr. William Z. Lidicker, Jr., Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Dr. William H. Burt, University of Michigan, Dr. William B. Davis, Texas A L M University, Dir. Ralph J. Raitt, New Mexico State University, Dr. Richard H. Manville and Dr. David H. Johnston, United States National Museum, Washington, D. C., Dr. W. Frank Blair, University of Texas. A special note of thanks is due to my former major professor Dr. Ralph J. Raitt, without whose aid the completion of this degree would not have been possible. I wish to deeply thank Dr. Sydney Anderson of the American Museum of Natural History for the use of his data and for his advice on various problems. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES vi LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. viii ABSTRACT x INTRODUCTION 1 MATERIALS AND METHODS 5 Material 5 Measurements 5 Age Criteria 9 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 11 Variation 11 Species and Subspecies Concepts 17 Competition 20 SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES ACCOUNTS 23 Genus Thomonivs Vied-Neuvied 23 Thomocxy3 bottae bail9vi Merriaa 24 Type 24 Description 24. Distribution 25 Remarks 25 Specimens Examined 30 Thonionys bottae MaE2fiaS, 30 Type 31 Description 31 Distribution 31 Remarks 31 Specimens Examined 40 Thomomva bottae ruidosae. Hall £L Type 41 Description 41 Distribution 41 Remarks - 44 Specimens Examined 45 iv TABLE OF CONTENTS—CONTINUED Page Thomomvs bottae l^chupTi^ll^ V. Bailey 46 Type 46 Description . 46 Distribution 48 Remarks 48 Specimens Examined 49 Thomonva bottae scototMIua. Davis 49 Type 50 Description 50 Distribution 50 Remarks 50 Specimens Examined 52 Thomomvs bottae mearn3i V. Bailey 52 Typ* 52 Description 53 Distribution 53 Remarks 53 Specimens Examined 56 Tho:aoav3 umbrinus nelsonl Merriam 56 Type 57 Description 57 Distribution 57 Remarks 57 Specimens Examined 53 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 59 LITERATURE CITED 77 LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Coefficient of Variation (V) of 14 measurements from Various Localities (Females only) 7 2. Skin and Skull measurements in Millimetera for Thornomys baiiaa ruldoaae at Locality A 42 3. Skin and Skull measurements in Millimeters for Thornomys bottae ruidosae at Locality 3 43 4. Skin and Skull measurements in Millimeters for Thornomys bottae tularosae at Locality C 32 5. Skin and Skull measurements in Millimeters for Thomomy3 bottae tularosae at Locality D 33 6. Skin and Skull measurements in Millimeters for Thornomys iaiiaa Ucfrqffuaift at Locality E 47 7. Skin and Skull measurements in Millimeters for Thornomys bottae baileyj at Locality F 26 8. Skin and Skull measurements in Millimeters for Thornomys bottae baileyj at Locality G 27 9. Skin and Skull measurements in Millimeters for Thornomys bottae baileyj at Locality H 28 10. Skin and Skull measurements in Millimeters for Thornomys bottae scotophilua at Locality I 51 11. Skin and Skull measurements in Millimeters for Thornomys bottae mearnai at Locality J . 54. 12. Skin and Skull measurements in Millimeters for Thornomys bottae mearnsi at Locality K . 55 13. Skin and Skull measurements in Millimeters for Thornomys bottae tularosae collected in November, 1902 37 14. Skin and Skull measurements in Millimeters for Thornomys bottae tularosae collected in October, 1931 33 vi vii LIST OF TABLES—CONTINUED Table Page 15• Skin and Skull measurements In Millimeters for Thomomra bottae tularosae oollected in February, 1962 39 16. List of exaot localities given under the composite Localities A through K in the text and Figures. ..... 61 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1. Hap showing the geographical range of Thomomys baileyj and related subspecies of Thomomvs bottae (modified from Kail & Kelson, 1959) U 2. Ifep showing the present distribution of some subspecies of Thomomys bottae and Thomorny3 umbrinus ....... 29 3. Modified Hubbs and Hubbs graphs showing total length for various populations of Thomomys bottae (females only) 62 U. Modified Hubbs and Hubbs graphs showing tail length for various populations of Thomomys bottae (females only) 63 5. Modified Hubbs and Hubbs graphs showing hind foot for various populations of Thomomys bottae (females only) 64 6. Modified Hubbs and Hubbs graphs showing basilar length for various populations of Thomomys bottae (females only) ..... 65 7. Modified Hutb3 and Hubbs graphs showing length of nasals for various populations of Thomomys bottae (females only) 66 8. Modified Hubbs and Hubba graphs showing upper ciiastema for various populations of Thomomvs bottae (females only) . 67 9. Modified Hubbs and Hubba graphs ahowing mastoid breadth for various populations of Thomomys bottae (females only) 68 10. Modified Hubbs and Hubbs graphs showing zygomatic breadth for various populations of Thoraonrvs bottae (females only) t>9 11. Modified Hubba and Hubba graphs showing roatral breadth for various populations of Thomomys bottae (females only) . 70 viii ix LIST 0? ILLUSTRATIONS—CONTINUED Figure Page 12. Modified Hubbs and Hubbs graphs showing palatofrontal depth for various populations of Thomonrvs bottae (females only) 71 13. Modified Hubbs and Hubbs graphs showing alveolar length of upper oheek teeth for various populations of Thomorays bottae (females only) 72 14.. Modified Hubbs and Hubbs graphs showing least inter- orbital width for various populations of Thomomya bottae (females only) 73 15. Modified Hubba and Hubbs graphs showing length of rostrum for various populations of Thonomys bottae (females only) 74 16. Modified Hubb3 and Hubbs graphs showing total length for the 1902, 1931, and 1962 populations of Thomoravs bottae tularosae . 75 17. Modified Hubbs and Hubbs graphs showing zygomatic breadth for the 1902, 1931, and 1962 populations of Ihonomya bottae tularosae ..... 75 IB. Modified ilubb3 and Hubbs graphs showing alveolar length of upper cheek teeth for the 1902, 193^, and 1962 populations of Thononty3 bottae tularosae 76 19. Modified Hubbs and Hubbs graphs showing upper diastema for the 1902, 1931, and 1962 populations of Thomonrvs bottae tularosae ...... 76 ABSTRACT