Solaris 2.4 Software Developer Kit Introduction 2550 Garcia Avenue Mountain View, CA 94043 U.S.A. A Sun Microsystems, Inc. Business 1994 Sun Microsystems, Inc. 2550 Garcia Avenue, Mountain View, California 94043-1100 U.S.A. All rights reserved. This product and related documentation are protected by copyright and distributed under licenses restricting its use, copying, distribution, and decompilation. No part of this product or related documentation may be reproduced in any form by any means without prior written authorization of Sun and its licensors, if any. Portions of this product may be derived from the UNIX® and Berkeley 4.3 BSD systems, licensed from UNIX System Laboratories, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Novell, Inc., and the University of California, respectively. Third-party font software in this product is protected by copyright and licensed from Sun’s font suppliers. RESTRICTED RIGHTS LEGEND: Use, duplication, or disclosure by the United States Government is subject to the restrictions set forth in DFARS 252.227-7013 (c)(1)(ii) and FAR 52.227-19. The product described in this manual may be protected by one or more U.S. patents, foreign patents, or pending applications. TRADEMARKS Sun, the Sun logo, Sun Microsystems, Sun Microsystems Computer Corporation, SunSoft, the SunSoft logo, Solaris, SunOS, OpenWindows, DeskSet, ONC, ONC+, SunExpress, SunSolve Online, SunPro, ProCompiler, ProWorks, OpenBoot, XView, ToolTalk, XGL, XIL, Solaris Visual, AnswerBook, and NFS are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the U.S. and certain other countries. CatalystSM and SunSpectrumSM are service marks of Sun Microsystems, Inc.. UNIX is a registered trademark of Novell, Inc., in the United States and other countries; X/Open Company, Ltd., is the exclusive licensor of such trademark. OPEN LOOK® is a registered trademark of Novell, Inc. PostScript and Display PostScript are trademarks of Adobe Systems, Inc. Motif® is a registered trademark of Open Software Foundation, Inc. All other product names mentioned herein are the trademarks of their respective owners. All SPARC trademarks, including the SCD Compliant Logo, are trademarks or registered trademarks of SPARC International, Inc. SPARCstation, SPARCserver, SPARCengine, SPARCstorage, SPARCware, SPARCcenter, SPARCclassic, SPARCcluster, SPARCdesign, SPARC811, SPARCprinter, UltraSPARC, microSPARC, SPARCworks, and SPARCompiler are licensed exclusively to Sun Microsystems, Inc. Products bearing SPARC trademarks are based upon an architecture developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc. The OPEN LOOK and Sun™ Graphical User Interfaces were developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc. for its users and licensees. Sun acknowledges the pioneering efforts of Xerox in researching and developing the concept of visual or graphical user interfaces for the computer industry. Sun holds a non-exclusive license from Xerox to the Xerox Graphical User Interface, which license also covers Sun’s licensees who implement OPEN LOOK GUIs and otherwise comply with Sun’s written license agreements. X Window System is a product of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. THIS PUBLICATION IS PROVIDED “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT. THIS PUBLICATION COULD INCLUDE TECHNICAL INACCURACIES OR TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS. CHANGES ARE PERIODICALLY ADDED TO THE INFORMATION HEREIN; THESE CHANGES WILL BE INCORPORATED IN NEW EDITIONS OF THE PUBLICATION. SUN MICROSYSTEMS, INC. MAY MAKE IMPROVEMENTS AND/OR CHANGES IN THE PRODUCT(S) AND/OR THE PROGRAM(S) DESCRIBED IN THIS PUBLICATION AT ANY TIME. Please Recycle Contents 1. Introduction . 1 Software Developer Kit Overview. 1 How the SDK Fits Into a Solaris Development Environment . 3 New SDK Features. 3 On-Line Demonstration . 3 To Display the Demonstration . 4 From File Manager. 4 From the Command Line . 6 C and C++ Compiler Try-and-Buy CD-ROM Disc . 7 Internationalization . 7 2. SDK Components . 9 Multithreaded Programming . 9 STREAMS Framework . 9 Network Applications. 10 New Features . 10 iii ToolTalk Messaging Services . 11 VISUAL for Solaris . 12 Solaris XGL 3.1 Graphics Library . 13 Solaris PEX 2.2 . 13 Solaris XIL 1.2 Imaging Library . 14 Open Windows Libraries and OpenWindows X Server 3.4 15 New Features . 16 Windows Graphical User Interface Toolkits. 16 Motif Toolkit. 16 New Features . 18 XView Toolkit. 18 OPEN LOOK Intrinsics Toolkit . 18 OpenWindows 3.0.1 Developer’s Guide. 19 Devguide Motif Utilities . 20 Supplemental On-line Documentation . 20 3. Technical Support, Training, and Documentation . 23 Technical Support . 23 Sun Educational Services . 24 A Complete List of SDK Documentation . 25 Documents Available Through the AnswerBook Product . 25 Solaris 2.4 Software Developer AnswerBook . 25 OpenWindows Developer Guide AnswerBook . 26 Solaris XGL 3.1 AnswerBook . 26 iv Software Developer Kit Introduction—August 1994 Solaris XIL 1.2 AnswerBook . 26 Solaris 2.4 Supplemental Developer AnswerBook. 26 Solaris 2.4 Reference Manual AnswerBook . 27 Documents Available Through PostScript Files. 27 Documents Available in Hard Copy Only . 28 On-Line Documents Also Available in Hard Copy . 28 Third-Party Documents . 29 Contents v vi Software Developer Kit Introduction—August 1994 Preface The Software Developer Kit Introduction gives an overview of the Solaris™ 2.4 Software Developer Kit (SDK). It also: • Tells you how the SDK fits into a Solaris development environment. • Lists the new SDK features in this release of Solaris. • Describes each component of the SDK. • Lists and gives a brief description of SDK on-line documentation. • Tells you how to obtain technical support and technical training. Who Should Use This Book If you are a software developer who is creating applications for Solaris 2.4, you should read this book. Typical software developers are independent software vendors (ISVs) or original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) who want their applications to run in a Solaris environment. vii Before You Read this Book Before you install the SDK, you must have one of the following versions of Solaris 2.4 installed on your x86 or SPARC platform: • x86 Enterprise Server • x86 Workgroup Server • x86 DeskTop • SPARC DeskTop • SPARC Workgroup Server • SPARC Enterprise Server You should also have the AnswerBook® product (the on-line version of the documentation) installed. The AnswerBook product is provided with any version of Solaris 2.4. Once you have a version of Solaris 2.4 installed, read the manuals that are provided in the SDK box. These include: • Software Developer Kit Introduction (this manual) • Software Developer Kit Open Issues and Late-Breaking News • Driver Developer Kit Installation Guide You can then install the SDK using the Software Developer Kit Installation Guide. What Typographic Changes and Symbols Mean The following table describes the type changes and symbols used in this book. Table P-1 Typographic Conventions Typeface or Symbol Meaning Example AaBbCc123 The names of commands, files, Edit your.login file. and directories; on-screen Use ls -a to list all files. computer output system% You have mail. AaBbCc123 What you type, contrasted with system% su on-screen computer output Password: AaBbCc123 Command-line placeholder: To delete a file, type rm filename. replace with a real name or value viii Software Developer Kit Introduction—August 1994 Table P-1 Typographic Conventions Typeface or Symbol Meaning Example AaBbCc123 Book titles, new words or terms, Read Chapter 6 in User’s Guide. or words to be emphasized These are called class options. You must be root to do this. Code samples are included in boxes and may display the following: % UNIX C shell prompt system% $ UNIX Bourne and Korn shell system$ prompt # Superuser prompt, all shells system# Preface ix x Software Developer Kit Introduction—August 1994 Introduction 1 Welcome to the Solaris 2.4 Software Developer Kit (SDK). This chapter introduces you to the SDK and tells you how it fits into a Solaris development environment. It also lists features that are new to the SDK in the Solaris 2.4 release. In addition, you are introduced to the SDK on-line demonstration and the C and C++ Try-and-Buy CD-ROM disc. This chapter also gives a brief overview of Solaris internationalization. Software Developer Kit Overview The SDK provides the software tools, documentation, and training and support information you need to develop software applications for the Solaris 2.4 release. Solaris 2.4 technologies, such as multithreaded programming and ToolTalk™ Messaging Services along with SDK technologies, such as the XGL™ graphics library. The SDK on-line documentation make up the components of the SDK. 1 1 These components are provided either on the Solaris CD-ROM disc or on the SDK CD-ROM disc. The SDK components and the CD-ROM disc that they are delivered on are listed in Table 1-1. Table 1-1 SDK Components CD-ROM Disc SDK Component Name Location Multithreaded programming Solaris STREAMS framework Solaris Network applications Solaris ToolTalk Messaging Services Solaris Software developer support for VISUAL™ for Solaris: •XGL graphics library SDK* •Solaris PEX™ SDK* •XIL™ imaging library SDK* •Display PostScript™ libraries Solaris •OpenWindows™ X Server and libraries Solaris Windows Graphical User Interface Toolkits: •Motif® SDK* •XView™ Solaris •OPEN LOOK® Intrinsics Toolkit (OLIT) Solaris On-line documentation SDK SDK on-line demonstration SDK *The