The 75th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference Final Programme 6 - 9 May 2012 Yokohama, Japan Pacifico Yokohama, 6-9 May 2012 1 Patrons and Exhibitors IEEE VTC2012-Spring thanks the following patrons and exhibitors for their support. Bronze Patron and Exhibitor Bronze Patron and Exhibitor Bronze Patron Bronze Patron Best Papers Patron and Exhibitor Lanyard Patron and Exhibitor Exhibitor Exhibitor Exhibitor Technical Co-sponsors The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers (IEICE) IEICE Communications Society IEICE Engineering Sciences Society Grantors IEEE VTS would like to thank the following organisations for providing grants. The Telecommunications Advancement Foundation Hoso Bunka Foundation KDDI Foundation Support Center for Advanced Telecommunications Technology Research 2 The 75th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference VTC2012-Spring Yokohama Programme Welcome from the General Chairs On behalf of the Organizing Committee, we would Last year, we have encountered the unprecedented like to welcome you all to the IEEE VTC2012- disaster due to great earthquake in eastern Japan Spring held in a beautiful harbor front city of and found the role of mobile communications Yokohama! vitally important in every aspect. We would like to express our deep appreciation for your warm It has been already 12 years since we had the last heartfelt supports for the recovery and also for so VTC conference in Tokyo, Japan. In that year 2000, many participants like you attending this IEEE total number of digital mobile subscribers in the VTC2012-Spring from all over the world. Let us world was 663 million with 2nd generation seize this moment to shape the new global society systems, while currently, it has exceeded 5 billion. in which the peoples of the world enjoy a sense of During the last decade, we have enjoyed not only efficiency and affluence but also security tremendous evolution of mobile communications in with the advancement of mobile communications terms of subscriber numbers and technologies. technologies. Diversified services are now available from voice, Taking this opportunity, we would like to express video and Internet. Thanks to novel technologies, sincere appreciations to all of the colleagues for the packet data rate has been increased by 1000 times concerted efforts to prepare the conference, and during the last decade drived by the demand of appreciations to the authors who have submitted wireless applications by smart-phones. And still, valuable papers. mobile data traffic will grow at a compound annual Finally, but not least, we hope that you will enjoy growth rate (CAGR) of 200 percent per year in not only in-depth discussions and information Japan and in other major countries resulting into exchanges during this prestigious conference but 1000 times in the next decade. To cope with this also a lot of traditional cultural flavors in Japan to high volume traffic, innovative technologies of make your stay more memorable. radio-access, system and network should be Takeshi Hattori, Susumu Yoshida & Fumiyuki Adachi furthermore developed. General Chairs, IEEE VTC2012-Spring Welcome from the TPC Chair On behalf of the Technical Program Committee The creation of this impressive program would not (TPC), it is our great pleasure to welcome you to be possible without the voluntary support from an the 75th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference outstanding team of colleagues that we would like (VTC) to take place in the first harbor city to strongly thank. Special thanks go to conference introduced to the world as the entrance to Japan. Track Chairs that organized a very efficient and The committee has organized an impressive smooth review and session organization process, as program that advances the current technical and well as the Panel and Tutorial Chairs that organized research trends under this year’s conference theme very excellent sessions. “Shaping the Advanced Wireless Society”. This We would also like to thank the great job of our time, we have organized 12 technical tracks dedicated TPC members and reviewers, for their covering many exciting aspects of advanced professional and timely review of technical wireless society. Especially, we have newly contributions. We are also very grateful to the introduced “GREEN Networks track” because we constant support from Prof. James Irvine in the can no longer talk anything about the future of our technical program preparation process. Of course, ICT society without the word “GREEN”. making a successful technical conference is not The technical program consists of 67 oral sessions possible without the participation from authors, to and 9 poster and exhibition sessions. In total, the whom we would like to express our gratitude for conference Track Chairs have selected 335 oral having decided to present and share their ideas and papers and 132 poster papers from a total of 973 contributions to our community. submissions from about 40 countries to the12 I would also like to thank the IEEE VTC2012- technical tracks. All the accepted papers will be Spring Organization Committee for its full support. published in the conference proceedings. In I look forward to meeting you in Yokohama, Japan, addition to the regular sessions, the program offers this May. You will enjoy the conference and the 2 panel sessions and 6 tutorials addressing some of harbor city of Japan! the main mobile and wireless communication and Seiichi Sampei, TPC Chair localization challenges. Mamoru Sawahashi, TPC Co-chair Pacifico Yokohama, 6-9 May 2012 3 Welcome from the VTS President On behalf of VTS, it is my pleasure to welcome Besides its conference activities, the VT Society you to the 75th VTC in Yokohama, Japan. This continues to publish and improve its major IEEE conference brings together researchers from all journal, Transactions on Vehicular Technology, over the world to discuss and exchange ideas in the which is among the best in the field. We invite you field of wireless, mobile, and vehicular technology. to get involved with VTS as a member and help Yokohama, with its fashionable and sophisticated shape the future of our profession. I hope that this streetscapes, serves as the cosmopolitan backdrop conference may inspire some of you to consider for this exciting conference. hosting a future VTC. For over sixty years this flagship conference of the I wish to convey a special thank you to the General IEEE Vehicular Technology Society brings Chair and Co-Chairs of VTC 2012-Spring, together individuals from academia, government, Professors Takeshi Hattori, Susumu Yoshida, and and industry to discuss and exchange ideas in the Fumiyuki Adachi. Special thanks also must be fields of wireless, mobile, and vehicular conveyed to Technical Program Chair and Vice- technology. Since 1999, VTC has been held twice a Chair, Professors Seiichi Sampei and Mamoru year: in North America, and rotating between Sawahashi. They have assembled what will be an Europe and the Asia-Pacific region, increasing exciting and stimulating program. accessibility to the conference experience Finally, I wish to welcome you to Yokohama and throughout the world. We are currently taking steps VTC 2012-Spring. to expand the coverage of vehicular electronics and land transportation to increase the breadth of VTC Tracy L Fulgham, President beyond its traditionally strong areas. IEEE Vehicular Technology Society 4 The 75th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference VTC2012-Spring Yokohama Programme Organizing Committee General Co-chairs Takeshi Hattori Sophia University, Japan Susumu Yoshida Kyoto University, Japan Fumiyuki Adachi Tohoku University, Japan Technical Program Chair Seiichi Sampei Osaka University, Japan Technical Program Vice Chair Mamoru Sawahashi Tokyo City University, Japan Keynote and Plenary Co-chairs Fumiyuki Adachi Tohoku University, Japan Takeshi Hattori Sophia University, Japan Susumu Yoshida Kyoto University, Japan Panels Chair Nobuo Nakajima The University of Electro-Communications, Japan Tutorials Chair Hiroshi Suzuki Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan Patronage & Exhibits chair Jim Budwey ICTS Group, USA Finance Chair JR Cruz Univ. of Oklahoma, USA Finance Co-Chair Tomoaki Ohtsuki Keio University, Japan Publication Committee Chair Yasushi Yamao The University of Electro-Communications, Japan Local Arrangements/ Volunteer Chair Takuro Sato Waseda University, Japan Publicity Chair Shinji Uebayashi Chukyo University, Japan Registration Chair Hiroyuki Kawai NTT DOCOMO, INC., Japan International Advisory Committee Chair Yoshihiko Akaiwa The University of Electro-Communications, Japan General Secretary Yoshihiro Ishikawa NTT DOCOMO, INC., Japan Technical Advisory Committee Chair James M. Irvine University of Strathclyde, UK Conference Administrator Jim Budwey IEEE VTS Clint Keele IEEE VTS Technical Program Committee Chair Seiichi Sampei Osaka University, Japan Vice Chair Mamoru Sawahashi Tokyo City University, Japan Vice Chairs, Ad-Hoc, Mesh and Sensor Takaya Yamazato Nagoya University, Japan Networks Wanjiun Liao National Taiwan University, Taiwan Vice Chairs, Antennas and Propagation Greg Durgin Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Ryan Pirkl National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA Vice Chairs, Cognitive Radio and Ying-Chang Liang Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore Spectrum Sensing Huseyin Arslan University of South Florida, USA Aylin Yener The Pennsylvania State University, USA Kei Sakaguchi Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan Vice Chairs, Cooperative comms, Inkyu Lee Korea University,