Joint Publication 3-01.2 Joint Doctrine for Offensive Operations for Countering Air and Missile Threats Final Coordination 19 August 2002 PREFACE 1 1. Scope 41 3. Application 2 42 3 This publication provides the guidance 43 a. Doctrine and guidance established in 4 necessary to conceptualize, plan, 44 this publication apply to the commanders 5 coordinate, and conduct successful 45 of combatant commands, subunified 6 offensive counterair operations throughout 46 commands, joint task forces, and 7 the range of military operations. This 47 subordinate components of these 8 publication builds upon the foundation of 48 commands. These principles and 9 joint doctrine in JP 3-01, Joint Doctrine 49 guidance also may apply when significant 10 for Countering Air and Missile Threats, 50 forces of one Service are attached to 11 and provides more detailed guidance on 51 forces of another Service or when 12 the planning and conduct of offensive 52 significant forces of one Service support 13 operations designed to counter adversary 53 forces of another Service. 14 forces attempting to attack US forces or 54 15 interest with air and/or missile assets. 55 b. The guidance in this publication is 16 56 authoritative; as such, this doctrine will be 17 2. Purpose 57 followed except when, in the judgment of 18 58 the commander, exceptional 19 This publication has been prepared 59 circumstances dictate otherwise. If 20 under the direction of the Chairman of the 60 conflicts arise between the contents of this 21 Joint Chiefs of Staff. It sets forth doctrine 61 publication and the contents of Service 22 to govern the joint activities and 62 publications, this publication will take 23 performance of the Armed Forces of the 63 precedence for the activities of joint forces 24 United States in joint operations and 64 unless the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of 25 provides the doctrinal basis for US 65 Staff, normally in coordination with the 26 military involvement in multinational and 66 other members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, 27 interagency operations. It provides 67 has provided more current and specific 28 military guidance for the exercise of 68 guidance. Commanders of forces 29 authority by combatant commanders and 69 operating as part of a multinational 30 other joint force commanders (JFCs) and 70 (alliance or coalition) military command 31 prescribes doctrine for joint operations 71 should follow multinational doctrine and 32 and training. It provides military guidance 72 procedures ratified by the United States. 33 for use by the Armed Forces in preparing 73 For doctrine and procedures not ratified 34 their appropriate plans. It is not the intent 74 by the United States, commanders should 35 of this publication to restrict the authority 75 evaluate and follow the multinational 36 of the JFC from organizing the force and 76 command’s doctrine and procedures, 37 executing the mission in a manner the JFC 77 where applicable and consistent with US 38 deems most appropriate to ensure unity of 78 law, regulations, and doctrine. 39 effort in the accomplishment of the overall 79 40 mission. 8041 For the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff: 81 82 JOHN P. ABIZAID 83 Lieutenant General, USA 84 Director, Joint Staff 85 i Preface 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Intentionally Blank ii JP 3-01.2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 PAGE 2 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................... v 4 5 CHAPTER I 6 INTRODUCTION 7 8 • The Counterair Framework .................................................................................................... I-1 9 • Focus of Offensive Counterair ............................................................................................... I-1 10 • Synchronization and Integration of OCA Offensive Counterair 11 and Defensive CounterairCA ..................................................................................................... I-2 12 13 CHAPTER II 14 COMMAND AND CONTROL 15 16 • General ................................................................................................................................... II-1 17 • Responsibilities and Command Relationships ..................................................................... II-1 18 • Command and Control Decisions ......................................................................................... II-5 19 • Multinational Considerations ................................................................................................ II-5 20 21 CHAPTER III 22 PLANNING OFFENSIVE COUNTERAIR OPERATIONS PLANNING 23 24 • Introduction .......................................................................................................................... III-1 25 • Joint Intelligence Preparation of the Battlespace ................................................................ III-1 26 • Offensive Counterair CA and the Joint Air Operations Plan ............................................. III-2 27 • Adversary Integrated Air Defense Systems ........................................................................ III-9 28 • Airspace Control ................................................................................................................. III-10 29 • Rules of Engagement ......................................................................................................... III-11 30 • Combat Identification ......................................................................................................... III-12 31 • Enabling Offensive Counterair OCA Operations ............................................................. III-13 32 33 CHAPTER IV 34 OFFENSIVE COUNTERAIR EXECUTION 35 36 • General ................................................................................................................................. IV-1 37 • Attack Operations ................................................................................................................ IV-1 38 • Fighter Sweep and Fighter Escort ...................................................................................... IV-5 39 • Fighter Escort ...................................................................................................................... IV-7 40 • J-Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses EAD Operations .................................................. IV-8 41 • Command, Control, Communications, Computers, and Intelligence Systems ............... IV-16 42 43 iii Table of Contents 1 APPENDIX 2 3 A No Fly No-Fly Zone Enforcement ................................................................................ A-1 4 B References ...................................................................................................................... B-1 5 C Administrative Instructions ........................................................................................... C-1 6 7 GLOSSARY 8 9 Part I Abbreviations and Acronyms ............................................................................... GL-1 10 Part II Terms and Definitions .......................................................................................... GL-3 11 12 FIGURE 13 14 I-1 The Counterair Framework ........................................................................................ I-2 15 II-1 Factors Affecting the Military Capabilities of Nations ............................................ II-6 16 III-1 Joint Air Operations Planning Estimate Process ..................................................... III-5 17 III-2 Sample Master Air Attack Plan Development ........................................................ III-8 18 IV-1 Primary Offensive Counterair Missions ................................................................. IV-1 19 20 iv JP 3-01.2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY COMMANDER’S OVERVIEW • Discusses Offensive Counterair (OCA) Operations and its Relationship to Defensive Counterair Operations • Provides Command and Control (C2) Relationships and Service C2 Systems for OCA Execution • Discusses Fundamentals for Planning OCA Operations • Discusses Fundamentals for Executing OCA Operations Overview of Offensive Counterair Offensive counterair Offensive counterair (OCA) seeks to dominate the (OCA) operations are adversary’s airspace and prevent the launch of air and conducted at the initiative missile threats. OCA consists of offensive measures to destroy, of friendly forces. disrupt or neutralize adversary aircraft, missiles, launch platforms and their supporting structures and systems. Ideally, joint OCA missions will prevent the launch of aircraft and missiles by destroying or neutralizing them prior to launch. Those weapons that are launched should be destroyed or neutralized as close to their source as possible. OCA and defensive counterair operations need to be synchronized and integrated to achieve unity of effort for theater- and/or joint operations area-wide counterair. Command and Control of Offensive Counterair As the supported The joint force commander (JFC) normally designates the commander, the joint force joint force air component commander (JFACC) as the air component commander supported commander for counterair. Though the JFC normally exercises determines the command and control (C2) relationships operational control over within the joint force, typically, the JFACC (a Service assigned and attached component commander) will exercise operational control forces and tactical control over assigned and attached forces and tactical control over over sorties