1 Table of Contents ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ............................................................................................ 6 FOREWORD ............................................................................................................................. 9 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................................... 12 KEY RECOMMENDATIONS ...................................................................................................... 16 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 28 I. THE GUIDE ........................................................................................................... 32 1. Aim, Scope and Target Audience .................................................................................... 32 2. Threats .......................................................................................................................... 34 3. Methodology ................................................................................................................. 38 4. Approach ....................................................................................................................... 39 II. POLITICAL, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DIMENSIONS OF MAJOR SPORTING EVENTS .. 41 III. FOUNDATIONS OF SECURITY AT MAJOR SPORTING EVENTS .................................. 44 1. Leadership and Vision .................................................................................................... 44 2. Coordination, Continuity, Cooperation, and Communication ........................................... 45 3. Good Governance .......................................................................................................... 48 4. Proper Estimate of Security Costs ................................................................................... 49 IV. SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS BEFORE AND DURING THE BIDDING PROCESS ........... 52 1. The Exploratory Phase.................................................................................................... 52 2. The Bidding Phase .......................................................................................................... 53 V. LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORKS .......................................................... 56 1. International Legal and Institutional Frameworks ........................................................... 57 1.1 Terrorism and other Criminal Threats............................................................................................58 1.2 MSE Security Planning and Management .....................................................................................66 1.3 Respect for Human Rights .............................................................................................................67 1.4 Data Protection and New Technologies .........................................................................................68 1.5 Unified Approach to Secure an MSE .............................................................................................69 2. Strengthening National Legal and Institutional Frameworks to Secure MSEs .................... 70 VI. STAKEHOLDER COOPERATION .............................................................................. 73 1. Benefits and Challenges ................................................................................................. 74 2. Cooperation through the Planning Process ..................................................................... 74 3. Foundations for Effective Stakeholder Cooperation ........................................................ 76 4. Types of Stakeholder Cooperation .................................................................................. 77 4.1 Inter-Agency Cooperation ..............................................................................................................77 2 4.2 International Cooperation...............................................................................................................78 4.3 Multisectoral Cooperation and Public-Private Partnerships ..........................................................83 VII. THE SECURITY PLANNING ..................................................................................... 95 1. The System .................................................................................................................... 97 1.1 Characteristics of the Security Planning System ...........................................................................97 1.2 Key Elements of the Security Planning System .............................................................................98 1.3 Integrated Security Planning Strategy ..........................................................................................104 2. Planning Tools (the Deliverables).................................................................................. 106 2.1 Categories of Plans .......................................................................................................................108 2.2 Three-Stage Process .....................................................................................................................109 3. Post-Event Evaluation and Knowledge Transfer ............................................................ 123 VIII. COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES .......................................................................... 128 IX. SECURITY IMPLICATIONS OF CO-HOSTING MAJOR SPORTING EVENTS ................. 133 X. THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON THE SAFETY AND SECURITY OF MSEs .................... 139 XI. LEGACY CONSIDERATIONS ................................................................................. 141 XII. GLOSSARY ......................................................................................................... 145 XIII. ANNEX .............................................................................................................. 159 • Argentina..................................................................................................................... 160 • Australia ...................................................................................................................... 160 • Brazil ........................................................................................................................... 161 • Canada ........................................................................................................................ 162 • France ......................................................................................................................... 164 • Germany...................................................................................................................... 165 • Greece ......................................................................................................................... 166 • Japan ........................................................................................................................... 167 • People’s Republic of China ........................................................................................... 168 • Republic of Korea ......................................................................................................... 168 • MERCOSUR .................................................................................................................. 169 • The Philippines ............................................................................................................ 170 • Poland ......................................................................................................................... 170 • Russian Federation....................................................................................................... 171 • State of Qatar .............................................................................................................. 172 • South Africa ................................................................................................................. 175 • Spain ........................................................................................................................... 177 • Ukraine........................................................................................................................ 178 • United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ................................................. 179 • United States of America .............................................................................................. 182 3 • United Bid of Canada, Mexico and United States of America ......................................... 182 • ICC Cricket World Cup .................................................................................................. 184 • UEFA ........................................................................................................................... 185 4 Guide on the Security of Major Sporting Events: Promoting Sustainable Security and Legacies Within the framework of the United Nations Global Programme on the Security of Major Sporting Events and the Promotion of Sport and its Values as a Tool to Prevent Violent Extremism co-implemented by the United Nations Office of Counter-Terrorism (UNOCT), in association with the United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI), the United Nations Alliance of Civilizations