Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-63491-6 — Case Studies in Neurological Infections of Adults and Children Edited by Tom Solomon , Benedict D. Michael , Alastair Miller , Rachel Kneen Index More Information Index Locators in bold refer to tables; those in italic to igures HSE = haemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy Abbreviations used in index: HSV = herpes simplex virus AFP = acute laccid paralysis JEV = Japanese encephalitis virus ANE = acute necrotising encephalopathy MMR = measles, mumps and rubella CMV = cytomegalovirus MRI = Magnetic Resonance Imaging CNS = central nervous system NMDA = N-methyl-d-aspartate CSF = cerebrospinal luid PANDAS = Paediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders CT = computerised tomography Associated with Streptococcal infections EBV = Epstein–Barr virus TB = tuberculosis GBS = Guillain–Barré syndrome TPO = thyroid peroxidase HIV = human immunodeiciency virus VZV = varicella zoster virus ACA. See acute cerebellitis/cerebellar amoxicillin 103, 105, 146, 262 progressive multifocal ataxia ampicillin, Listeria monocytogenes 260–61, leukoencephalopathy 202 aciclovir 263 biopsy indings acute necrotising encephalopathy 163 ANE (acute necrotising encephalopathy) cat scratch disease 73, 75 eastern equine encephalitis virus 146 162–65 cerebral toxoplasmosis 124 haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis ankle jerk relex, meningovascular haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis 133, 134 neurosyphilis 90 135, 142 HSV 96, 99, 100, 152 anterior horn cell disease. See JEV- inlammatory pachymeningitis 199 parechovirus encephalitis 86 associated anterior horn cell disease post-transplant lymphoproliferative VZV 24, 110, 249, 250 antibody synthesis, Reiber’s formula 195 disorder 253 acute cerebellitis/cerebellar ataxia (ACA) anti-NMDA receptor paraneoplastic sub-acute sclerosing panencephalitis 28 238, 239, 240 encephalitis 225–27, 227 Tropheryma whipplei infection 69 acute disseminated encephalomyelitis antiretroviral therapy bioterrorism 246 (ADEM) 184–88 HIV disease 18, 82–83, 168, 170, 266 black mamba venom, dendrotoxin 287. See aetiology 185 stavudine-based 18 also Morvan’s syndrome diagnostic criteria 186 antistreptolysin O titres (ASOT) 215 ‘Blister Sisters’ mascot 196 histology 187 antitoxin preparations, botulism 246 blurred vision. See ophthalmological MRI brain scan 185 artemisinin, malaria treatment 273 problems acute encephalitis. See encephalitis aseptic meningitis 63, 172–74 bone marrow biopsy, haemophagocytic syndromes autoimmune disorders. See Morvan’s lymphohistiocytosis 135, 142 acute laccid paralysis (AFP) 155–57, 156 syndrome botulism. See wound botulism aetiology 32 azithromycin, cat scratch disease 73, 75 brain abscess 5–7 diferential diagnosis 12, 12 CT brain scan 6 electromyography 156 Bacille–Calmette–Guerin (BCG) fever 5, 7 facial appearance 155 vaccine 35 MRI scan 6 JEV-associated 31, 32, 33 Bangladesh, Nipah encephalitis 211 post-mortem coronal brain slice 6 acute necrotising encephalopathy (ANE) Bartonella henselae infection (cat scratch brain fever, historical perspectives 33 162–65 disease) 72–75 Brain on Fire (Cahalan) 228 ADEM. See acute disseminated biopsy indings 73, 75 brain section, HIV-associated encephalitis 168 encephalomyelitis MRI brain scan 72 brainstem encephalitis. Aedes spp. vectors, Zika virus 289–91, 290 neurological complications 75 See rhombencephalitis AFP. See acute laccid paralysis bats, diseases spread by Bruce, Sir David 58 AIDP (acute inlammatory demyelinating lyssavirus 233 brucellosis. See neurobrucellosis polyneuropathy) 12–13, 13 Nipah encephalitis 211, 213 albendazole 179–80 BCG (Bacille–Calmette–Guerin) vaccine 35 Cahalan, Susannah 228 alendronic acid 1 behaviour alterations Campylobacter jejuni 42 Alphavirus spp. See eastern equine autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders cannibalism 282. See also Creutzfeldt–Jakob encephalitis virus 214, 215 disease 301 Locators in bold refer to tables; those in italic to igures © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-63491-6 — Case Studies in Neurological Infections of Adults and Children Edited by Tom Solomon , Benedict D. Michael , Alastair Miller , Rachel Kneen Index More Information Index cardiovascular problems/congenital heart MRI brain scan 266 cytokine storms 164 disease 5 ophthalmological examination 266 cytomegalovirus (CMV) CASPR2 antibodies. See Morvan’s syndrome conus medullaris syndrome 1–4, 3 funduscopy 83 castor bean tick (Ixodes ricinus) 48, 48 funduscopy 2 memory inlation 267 cat scratch disease. See Bartonella henselae magnetic resonance scan 1 MRI brain scans 83, 266 infection corticosteroids neurohistopathological specimen 84 cattle egret vectors, Japanese encephalitis bacterial meningitis 262 ophthalmological examination 266 (JE) 257 Japanese encephalitis virus 256 owl’s eye appearance 83, 85 central nervous system (CNS) infections 25. neurosarcoidosis 200 polyradiculopathy and retinitis 265–67 See also speciic diseases recurrent pneumococcal meningitis 189 ventriculoencephalitis and retinitis cetriaxone schistosomiasis with cerebral infarction 82–85 acute necrotising encephalopathy 163 220 eastern equine encephalitis virus 146 Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis 64 dairy products. See milk and dairy products meningococcal meningitis 176 tapeworm infection 179–80 date sap, Nipah encephalitis transmission neurobrucellosis 54–55, 57 Corynebacterium diphtheriae 114, 114 211 recurrent pneumococcal meningitis 189 cranial neuropathy, VZV complications 3 De humani corporis fabrica (Vesalius) 20–21 Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis 64 craniopharyngeal canal, pneumococcal deafness, following bacterial meningitis 67 Tropheryma whipplei infection 70 meningitis 189–92 dementia, HIV-associated. See HIV- cephalosporin, pneumococcal meningitis CT brain scan 190, 190 associated dementia 160 epidemiology 190, 191 demyelinating polyneuropathy, diphtheritic cerebellar ataxia 194–97, 238, 40–240 MRI brain scan 190 113–16 cerebellar syndrome, diferential diagnosis creeping cold sores 100. See also Herpes Corynebacterium diphtheriae 114 194 simplex diferentiation from GBS 115 cerebral infarcts. See stroke Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, sporadic 279–82 facial appearance 113 cerebral malaria 271 diferential diagnosis 279 dendrotoxin, black mamba venom 287. See cerebral oedema, Streptococcus pneumoniae EEG indings 280 also Morvan’s syndrome meningitis 64 epidemiology 280, 281 dermatomal problems. See rash cerebral toxoplasmosis. See toxoplasmosis historical perspectives 282 dexamethasone. See corticosteroids cerebritis, let motor cortex 260–63, 261 MRI brain scan 280 diagnostic algorithm, bacterial meningitis cerebrospinal luid (CSF) investigations neuropathology 281 192 Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease 279–80 Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis 275–78 diagnostic criteria. See also diferential HSV encephalitis 100 Cryptococcus neoformans microscopy diagnoses invasive Haemophilus inluenzae 209 image 277 acute disseminated encephalomyelitis Listeria rhombencephalitis 9 CT brain scans 276 186 meningococcal meningitis 175, 177 diferential diagnosis 275, 277 haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis meningo-encephalomyelitis 45 historical perspectives 278 136, 142, 142–43 pneumococcal meningitis 160 MRI brain scan 276 haemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy TB 37 prevention 277 80 VZV 3 skin cryptococcoma 278 PANDAS 216 cerebrovascular accident. See stroke CSF. See cerebrospinal luid sub-acute sclerosing panencephalitis 28 chancre lesion, Trypanosoma brucei CT brain scans diazepam, seizures 256 rhodesiense 60 cerebral toxoplasmosis 123 diferential diagnoses 243–45 chickenpox 4, 110, 197, 251. See also Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis 276 acute disseminated encephalomyelitis Varicella zoster virus fronto-temporal–parietal brain abscess 184 chloramphenicol, Nipah encephalitis 210 6 acute encephalitis 117 Citrobacter koseri meningo-encephalitis 15, haemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy acute encephalopathy 141 15–17 77 acute laccid paralysis 12, 30, 31, 32, 32, clarithromycin, acute necrotising HSV encephalitis 97 33, 155, 156–57 encephalopathy 163 invasive Haemophilus inluenzae 207 acute necrotising encephalopathy 162, clonidine 215 Japanese encephalitis virus 256 163 Clostridium botulinum. See wound botulism pneumococcal meningitis 158 anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis 225 CMV. See cytomegalovirus post-transplant lymphoproliferative autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder CNS infections 25. See also speciic diseases disorder 252 214 coasting phenomenon, antiretroviral recurrent pneumococcal meningitis 190 botulism 242–43 therapy 21 Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis 64 cat scratch disease 72 cognitive decline. See Creutzfeldt–Jakob subdural empyema 52 cerebral toxoplasmosis 122 disease VZV reactivation 249 Citrobacter koseri infection 15 combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Zika virus infection associated Guillain– conus medullaris syndrome 1 See antiretroviral therapy Barré syndrome 289 Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease 279 comet tail, Listeria monocytogenes 263, 264 Culiseta melanura. See mosquito bites Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis computed tomography. See CT brain scans Cunningham, John 206. See also John 275, 277 Conan Doyle, Sir Arthur 94 Cunningham virus demyelinating polyneuropathy 113, congenital heart disease 5 cyclosporine, haemophagocytic 115 congenital HIV, CMV infection 265–67 lymphohistiocytosis 141 eastern equine encephalitis virus 145 302 Locators in bold refer to tables; those in italic to igures © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org