Light conditions in nursing homes : visual comfort and visual functioning of residents Citation for published version (APA): Sinoo, M. M. (2016). Light conditions in nursing homes : visual comfort and visual functioning of residents. Technische Universiteit Eindhoven. Document status and date: Published: 17/11/2016 Document Version: Publisher’s PDF, also known as Version of Record (includes final page, issue and volume numbers) Please check the document version of this publication: • A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. 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Sinoo – Eindhoven: Technische Universiteit Eindhoven 2016 Cover: fragment of Maiu Blumberg Painting “The Story of Maiu Blumberg” © Jean Thomassen (with permission), https://sites.google.com/site/lastjudgmenttriptyc/the-maiu-blumberg-painitn Printed by Dereumaux, ’s-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands. Published as issue 216 in the Bouwstenen series of the Faculty of Architecture, Building and Planning of the Eindhoven University of Technology. Light Conditions in Nursing Homes: Visual Comfort and Visual Functioning of Residents PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, op gezag van de rector magnificus, prof.dr.ir. F.P.T. Baaijens, voor een commissie aangewezen door het College voor Promoties in het openbaar te verdedigen op donderdag 17 november 2016 om 16.00 uur door Marianne Margarethe Sinoo geboren te Geertruidenberg Dit proefschrift is goedgekeurd door de promotoren en de samenstelling van de promotiecommissie is als volgt: voorzitter: prof.ir. E.S.M. Nelissen 1e Promotor: prof.dr. H.S.M. Kort 2e Promotor: prof.dr. J.M.G.A. Schols (Universiteit Maastricht) leden: prof.dr. M.J. Schuurmans (Universiteit Utrecht) prof.dr.ir. P.M. Bluyssen (TU Delft) prof.dr.-ing. A.L.P. Rosemann (TU Eindhoven) prof.dr. J. De Lepeleire (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven) prof.dr. ir. Y.A.W. de Kort (TU Eindhoven) Het onderzoek dat in dit proefschrift wordt beschreven is uitgevoerd in overeenstemming met de TU/e Gedragscode Wetenschapsbeoefening. Contents Summary … ....................................................................................................................... 1 Samenvatting .................................................................................................................... 3 Chapter 1 General introduction ..................................................................................... 7 1.1. Older adults and (day)light ................................................................................. 9 1.2. Light conditions, frail older adults, environment and health .......................... 10 1.3. The process of seeing ....................................................................................... 12 1.4. Normal vision throughout life; visual impairments and eye diseases ............. 13 1.5. Visual comfort and the nursing home population ........................................... 16 1.6. Aims of the thesis ............................................................................................. 16 1.7. Approach .......................................................................................................... 17 1.8. Outline of the thesis ......................................................................................... 18 References ...................................................................................................................... 19 Chapter 2 Light conditions for older adults in the nursing home ................................. 23 Abstract. ......................................................................................................................... 25 2.1. Introduction ...................................................................................................... 27 2.2. Methodology .................................................................................................... 28 2.2.1. Study setting and study period ........................................................................ 28 2.2.2. Measurements of light parameters ................................................................. 30 2.2.2.1. Assessments of illuminance ............................................................................. 30 2.2.2.2. Assessments of correlated colour temperature .............................................. 34 2.2.2.3. Combined assessments of illuminance and correlated colour temperature in relation to the perceived ambiance ............................................................. 35 2.2.3. Statistical analyses ........................................................................................... 35 2.2.4. Ethics ................................................................................................................ 36 2.3. Results .............................................................................................................. 36 2.3.1. Illuminances ..................................................................................................... 36 2.3.2. Colour temperature ......................................................................................... 40 2.3.3. Combined assessments of illuminance and correlated colour temperature in relation to the perceived ambiance ............................................................. 42 2.4. Discussion ......................................................................................................... 43 2.4.1. Methodological issues ...................................................................................... 43 2.4.2. Illuminances for older adults ............................................................................ 43 2.4.3. Including correlated colour temperature in lighting schemes......................... 45 2.4.4. Correlated colour temperature: interior design and NIF effects ..................... 47 2.4.5. Benefits of lighting and ethics .......................................................................... 48 2.5. Conclusions and recommendations ................................................................. 49 References ...................................................................................................................... 52 Chapter 3 Documentation in client files ....................................................................... 55 Abstract …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 57 3.1. Introduction ...................................................................................................... 59 3.2. Background ....................................................................................................... 60 3.2.1. Visual problems ................................................................................................ 61 3.3. Methods ........................................................................................................... 61 3.3.1. Study design ..................................................................................................... 61 3.3.2. Data collection .................................................................................................. 62 3.3.3. Assessment of visual functioning ..................................................................... 62 3.3.4. Assessment of client records ........................................................................... 63 3.3.5. Statistical analysis ............................................................................................. 63 3.3.6. Ethical approval ................................................................................................ 64 3.4. Results .............................................................................................................