1ll The Network tttt The Development Studies Network provides information and discussion on social and economic development issues. It publishes a quarterly journal, Development Bulletin, runs regular seminars on development policy and annual conferences on international development. Members of the Network are encouraged to contribute information and papers to the Development Bulletin. Subscription to the Development Bulletin includes membership of the Network. This allows you to publicise in the Development Bulletin information about new development-related books, papers, journals, courses or conferences. Being a member of the Network allows you special discounts to Network seminars and conferences. 1ll Network Office Bearers tttt National Patron Advisory Board The Right Honourable Mr Ian Sinclair Dr John Browett, Dean, School of Social Sciences and Director Development Studies Centre, Flinders University Board of Directors Professor John Overton, Director, Development Studies Dr Pamela Thomas Centre, Massey University Associate Professor Joe Remenyi, Deakin University Dr Terry Hull, Director, Demography Program, Australian Professor Gavin Jones, Australian National University National University Dr Sharon Bessell, Australian National University Mr Bob McMullan, MP, Canberra Janet Hunt, Consultant Professor Mark McGillivray, World Institute for Development Economics Research, United Nations University, Helsinki Editorial Board Dr Pamela Thomas, Managing Editor Professor Dick Bedford, University ofWaikato Editor Professor Dean Forbes, Flinders University Dr Pamela Thomas Professor R. Gerard Ward, Australian National University Associate Editors Professor Cherry Gertzel, Curtin University Penelope Lee Professor Joe Remenyi, Deakin University (Book Catherine Baird Review Editor) Correspondence Development Bulletin Development Studies Network Research School of Social Sciences, Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200, Australia Tel: 61 2 6125 2466,61 2 6125 8257 Fax: 61 2 6125 9785 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://devnet.anu.edu.au ISSN 1035-1132 The Development Studies Network Editor's Notes 3 Address to the symposium by the Parliamentary Secretary to the 5 Minister for Foreign Affairs Ms Chris Gallus, MP Features Introduction: Political participation in the Pacific: issues of gender, race 7 and religion Pamela Thomas Why religion, race and gender matter in Pacific politics 11 en Bronwen Douglas I , Religion and religious institutions as defining factors in Papua New Guinea 15 politics Philip Gibbs God's will in paradise: the politics of ethnicity and religion in Fiji 19 c Steven Ratuva The changing face of racism and racial development in Fiji 24 Scott Mac William (]) Gender issues in post coup d'etat Fiji: snapshots from the Fiji Islands 28 I , P Imrana ]ala! Political participation in a fragmented democracy: ethnic and religious 31 appeal in Papua New Guinea HenryOkole Pathways to political participation in Fiji: gender, race and religion 35 c in sustainable community development and nation building Eci Nabalarua To make a difference: realities of women's participation in Papua New Guinea 39 0 politics OrovuSepoe Where are the women in Simbu politics? 43 Abby McLeod Gender and perceptions of political power in Papua New Guinea 47 Dianne Korare Winning and losing in politics: key issues in Papua New Guinea 51 Carol Kidu and Susan Setae Slo slo: increasing women's representation in parliament in Vanuatu 54 Isabelle Donald, jane Strachan, and Hild4 Taleo Fighting for a fair deal in national politics 58 AfuBilly Custom, chicanery and the myth of decolonisation in New Caledonia 62 Susanna Ounei Law, governance and civil society: revolution or evolution in the 65 modernising Pacific? Stewart Fenwick October 2002 Interest, nations and the state in development: instability in archipelic 69 Southeast Asia Damien Kingsbury Majelis Rakyat Papua-the Papuan People's Assembly-and its significance 7 3 in protecting the rights of the indigenous people of Papua AgusSumule Viewpoint Debating the relationship between human rights and aid in Australia 77 jane Hearn and Susan Harris Development research and policy formulation 81 Ian Patrick en Conferences I , Workshop report 85 Publications c Book review 87 New books (]) Reports and monographs 92 I , Resources Organisations and programs 94 c Web resources 97 0 2 Development Bulletin 59 Professor Elspeth Young It is with a real sense of loss that the Development Studies Network staff and Board Members mark the death of our friend and colleague, Elspeth, who for many years made an important contribution to development studies in general and to the Network in particular. She was always available to discuss development issues with us, she helped on our Editorial Board and served for three years as an enthusiastic and dedicated member of en the Development Studies Network Board of Directors. Although she was unwell, she continued to provide ideas, contacts, and sound and sharp discussion on development issues. In many ways Elspeth was a supporter of the not so fortunate, the underdog and the ()) misunderstood in different cultures. She was a wonderful and dedicated teacher and I , researcher. Her encouragement has helped the Network-and so many others. Symposium on Political Participation in the Pacific This issue ofDevelopment Bulletin focuses on a vitally important but often neglected area of politics and governance-race, religion and gender. In collaboration with the State, 0 Society and Governance in Melanesia Project of the Australian National University the Network ran a one day symposium at Parliament House, Canberra to focus attention on the ways in which race, religion and gender individually and collectively influence politics and political participation in Pacific Island countries. We invited a number of Pacific Island political leaders, planners, representatives of civil society and political commentators to z discuss their personal experiences in the political arena. We also asked well known political scientists and lawyers to participate in the discussion or to provide additional papers for the publication. This issue of the journal comprises the papers and discussion from the symposium held on 17 July, discussion and output from a one day workshop· held at the Australian National University on 18 July and further supporting papers on state formation, en identity, ethnicity and instability and the role oflaw in civil society. The output and recommendations from the workshop are included in the introduction. AusAID support We are grateful to AusAID for supporting the publication of this issue of Development Bulletin. As Chris Gallus, the Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade, stated in her introduction to the symposium 'Australia's aid program recognises 0 that good governance and equality in political participation is the foundation for poverty I , reduction and the key to stability and economic growth ... in this financial year AusAID • will expend $355 million on governance activities' . Viewpoint In the Viewpoint section Jane Hearn and Susan Harris debate the relationship between human rights and Australian aid and Ian Patrick looks at the relationship between development research and aid policy formulation. New books We include reviews of useful new publications and the latest books available on governance, human rights, gender, democratic processes, politics and political participation available from Last-First Networks as well as other publishers and resource centres. October 2002 3 Next issue of Development Bulletin major advances in development studies. Its back issues provide a goldmine ofinformation on development, development assistance Our next issue will focus on recent research from the Pacific and global and regional trends in research, debate and practice. A and will include the major papers from the recent conference list of topics covered in back issues is listed on the green page in organised by the Foundation for Development Cooperation, this Bulletin. Further information is available from our website. Brisbane. We will also include information on accessing Teaching sers of 15 Bulletins are available for $150 including development-related courses and workshops. GST and postage within Australia or overseas. Special rates apply to universities or organisations in developing countries. Teaching sets of Development Bulletin at Good reading special prices Over the last 15 years Development Bulletin has commented on Pamela Thomas the major issues in social and economic development and the Managing Editor 4 Development Bulletin 59 Governance in the Pacific-issues of en gender, race and religion Speech by the Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Foreign en Affairs the Hon. Chris Gallus, MP at the Australian Development Studies Network Symposium Parliament House, (]) Canberra 17july 2002. · \, -Australia's aid program recognises that good governance is a foundation for poverty reduction and a key to ensuring stability and economic growth in the region. In Bougainville, the Solomon Islands and Fiji we have seen how underlying problems of poor governance have contributed to the conflict in these countries. When we say good governance we mean the competent management of a country's resources in a way that is open, transparent, accountable, equitable and responsive to people's needs. Poor governance exacerbates poverty, inequality, and weak state institutions that in turn contribute to instability and conflict.