Natural Perception by Kodagu communities Georgina Zamora - Karnataka, India- UNIVERSITAT AUTÒNOMA DE BARCELONA Tutor Victoria Reyes-García, ICREA Ethnoecology Laboratory Georgina Zamora Quílez Degree on Environmental Sciences 1 Natural Perception by Kodagu communities Georgina Zamora Detailed Index Advertisement ............................................................................................................. 5 Acknowledgments ....................................................................................................... 6 I. INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................ 7 II. LITERATURE REVISION .......................................................................................... 8 1. Natural Capital Origins ............................................................................................. 8 2. Natural Goods and services....................................................................................... 9 2.1 Natural resources............................................................................................... 9 2.2 Ecosystem services ............................................................................................ 9 2.3 NNRR/Ecosystem services and sustainable development ..................................... 10 3 Natural Capital........................................................................................................ 11 3.1 Concept........................................................................................................... 11 3.2 Natural Capital and ecosystem goods/services ................................................... 11 3.3 Natural capital and people: uses ....................................................................... 12 3.3.1 Authors: De Groot and Costanza ................................................................ 12 3.3.2 Natural Capital classification and lists ......................................................... 13 III. CASE OF STUDY................................................................................................... 16 1- Introduction .......................................................................................................... 16 2- Environmental importance of the area..................................................................... 16 2.1 Bramaghiri WS................................................................................................. 17 3- Location ................................................................................................................ 18 3.1 Virajpet Taluk .................................................................................................. 19 4- Environmental description ...................................................................................... 20 4.1 Physic environment .......................................................................................... 20 4.1.1 Climatology and geomorphology................................................................. 20 4.2 Biotic environment ........................................................................................... 20 4.2.1 Flora ........................................................................................................ 20 4.2.2 Fauna....................................................................................................... 20 4.2.3 Landscape ................................................................................................ 21 4.2.4 Protected areas......................................................................................... 22 4.2.5 Human interference................................................................................... 22 5- Regional development............................................................................................ 23 6. Land tenures - conflict between local communities and wildlife .................................. 24 6.1 Area Approaches to Conservation in Kodagu ...................................................... 24 7- Demographic aspects ............................................................................................. 25 7.1 Literacy ........................................................................................................... 25 7.2 Literacy educational level.................................................................................. 25 7.3 Religion ........................................................................................................... 26 7.4 Scheduled casts and tribes ............................................................................... 26 8- Economic aspects .................................................................................................. 27 8.1 Primary sector ................................................................................................. 28 2 Natural Perception by Kodagu communities Georgina Zamora 8.1.1 Coffee ...................................................................................................... 28 8.1.2 Paddy, pepper and other horticultural products ........................................... 28 8.2 Secondary sector ............................................................................................. 29 8.3 Tertiary sector ................................................................................................. 29 9. People................................................................................................................... 30 IV. OBJECTIVES AND HYPOTHESES........................................................................... 31 1- Objectives............................................................................................................ 31 1.1 Specific objectives............................................................................................ 31 2. Hypotheses ........................................................................................................... 31 V. METHODOLOGY...................................................................................................... 32 1. Schedule ............................................................................................................... 32 2. Sample ................................................................................................................. 33 2.1 Towns ............................................................................................................. 34 2.2 Small Villages .................................................................................................. 35 2.3 Tribal Settlements............................................................................................ 36 3. Methods of data collection ...................................................................................... 37 3.1 Participant observation ..................................................................................... 37 3.2 Face-to-face interviewing.................................................................................. 37 3.2.1 Semi structured and unstructured interviews............................................... 37 3.2.2 Structured interviews ................................................................................ 38 4. Biases and limitations ............................................................................................. 40 4.1 Data collection biases....................................................................................... 40 4.1.1 Translators ............................................................................................... 40 4.1.2 Peek harvesting season ............................................................................. 40 4.1.3 Timetables................................................................................................ 41 4.1.4 Acceptance of respondents ........................................................................ 41 5. Attached studies .................................................................................................... 42 5.1 PhD Research: Natural Capital and Human Wellbeing.......................................... 42 5.2 POPULAR Project .............................................................................................. 42 VI. RESULTS............................................................................................................... 43 1. Socioeconomic description of the sample ................................................................. 43 1.1 Socio-demographic characteristics..................................................................... 41 1.2 Economic characteristics................................................................................... 44 2. Natural Capital’s perception towards settlement ....................................................... 47 2.1 Introduction..................................................................................................... 47 2.2 Free-listing top-ten lists.................................................................................... 48 2.2.1 NNRR ....................................................................................................... 49 2.2.2 Services ................................................................................................... 49 2.3. Natural’ Capital’s perception towards other Control Variables ............................. 50 2.3.1 Sex .........................................................................................................