Temporal Visualization of Body Cavity Partitioning: An Interactive Timeline BY NATALIE YOSHIOKA B.A., University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 2015 THESIS Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Biomedical Visualization in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Chicago, 2018 Chicago, Illinois Defense Committee: John Daugherty, Chair and Advisor Leah Lebowicz Annette L. Valenta Alison Doubleday, Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences Douglas Cotanche, Anatomy and Cell Biology ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A huge thank you to my committee and classmates for helping me with my research journey. i TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................1 A. Overview of research problem .........................................................................................1 B. Significance of the problem ..............................................................................................2 LITERATURE REVIEW ...................................................................................................................5 A. The Importance of Studying Human Embryology ..............................................................5 B. Gastrulation .....................................................................................................................5 1. Ectoderm ......................................................................................................................6 2. Mesoderm ....................................................................................................................7 3. Endoderm .....................................................................................................................7 C. Body Cavity Partitioning ...................................................................................................7 1. Formation of the diaphragm ......................................................................................9 2. Pericardial Cavity and Cardiovascular System ..........................................................10 3. Pleural Cavity and Respiratory System .....................................................................11 4. Peritoneal Cavity and the Digestive System .............................................................12 5. Inferior Thoracic Aperture and Rib Development.....................................................13 6. Descending Aorta and Inferior Vena Cava Development ..........................................13 D. Interactivity ....................................................................................................................14 E. Learning Theory ..............................................................................................................14 F. Usability .........................................................................................................................15 G. Display of Temporal Data ...............................................................................................15 1. Timelines .................................................................................................................15 2. Timeline Design and Types ......................................................................................16 3. Existing Interactive Timeline Creation Software: .........................................................17 H. Research gap ..................................................................................................................17 RESEARCH SIGNIFICANCE ..........................................................................................................22 A. Significance of research study.........................................................................................22 B. Hypothesis......................................................................................................................23 METHODS .................................................................................................................................24 ii A. Research study design ....................................................................................................24 B. Stimulus design plan .......................................................................................................26 1. Pre-Production ............................................................................................................26 a. Initial design.........................................................................................................27 b. Workflow Overview .............................................................................................29 c. Website Outline ...................................................................................................29 d. Website Design ....................................................................................................29 e. Website Prototype ...............................................................................................31 2. Production ..................................................................................................................32 3. Post-Production ..........................................................................................................34 C. Evaluation plan ...............................................................................................................35 1. Study setting ...............................................................................................................36 2. Sample or population sampling methods ....................................................................37 a. Selection criteria ..................................................................................................37 b. Selection strategy ................................................................................................37 c. Size ......................................................................................................................37 d. Data collection .....................................................................................................38 e. Method of analysis ...............................................................................................39 RESULTS ....................................................................................................................................41 A. Quantitative Analysis: .....................................................................................................41 1. Pre-Test/ Post-Test .....................................................................................................41 2. Task times ...................................................................................................................41 3. Timeline Usability Scale ...............................................................................................42 B. Qualitative Analysis ........................................................................................................43 DISCUSSION ..............................................................................................................................46 A. Review of major points ...................................................................................................46 B. Limitations......................................................................................................................46 C. Implications for profession .............................................................................................49 D. Future applications .........................................................................................................49 CITED LITERATURE ....................................................................................................................51 Appendix A: Recruitment Email .............................................................................................56 Appendix B: Intake Email .......................................................................................................58 iii Appendix C: Informed Consent Form .....................................................................................59 Appendix D: Pre-Test Questions: ...........................................................................................66 Appendix E: Post-test Questions ............................................................................................67 Appendix F: Tasks- Set 1 ........................................................................................................68 Appendix G: Tasks-Set 2 .........................................................................................................70 Appendix H: Walkthrough Script ............................................................................................72 Appendix I: Timeline Usability Scale .......................................................................................73 Appendix J: Data Collection Form ..........................................................................................74 Appendix K: Workflow for Interactive Timeline Development ................................................76 Appendix L: Illustration Sketches ...........................................................................................88 Appendix M: Timeline Button Content ...................................................................................95