JWST Proposal 1191 (Created: Tuesday, June 23, 2020 at 8:07:39 PM Eastern Standard Time) - Overview 1191 - Kuiper Belt Science with JWST Cycle: 1, Proposal Category: GTO INVESTIGATORS Name Institution E-Mail Dr. John A. Stansberry (PI) Space Telescope Science Institute [email protected] Dr. Marcia J. Rieke (CoI) University of Arizona [email protected] Dr. Bryan Jason Holler (CoI) Space Telescope Science Institute [email protected] Dr. Noemi Pinilla-Alonso (CoI) University of Central Florida [email protected] OBSERVATIONS Folder Observation Label Observing Template Science Target PLUTO+CHARON 2 PLUTO MIRI MRS MIRI Medium Resolution Spectroscopy (1) PLUTO+CHARON 3 PLUTO NIRSPEC IFU NIRSpec IFU Spectroscopy (1) PLUTO+CHARON : 0 deg 4 PLUTO NIRSPEC IFU NIRSpec IFU Spectroscopy (1) PLUTO+CHARON : 120 deg 5 PLUTO NIRSPEC IFU NIRSpec IFU Spectroscopy (1) PLUTO+CHARON : 200 deg 6 PLUTO NIRSPEC IFU NIRSpec IFU Spectroscopy (1) PLUTO+CHARON : 280 deg HAUMEA FAMILY 7 2002TX300 NIRSPEC NIRSpec IFU Spectroscopy (6) 2002TX300 IFU 8 2005RR43 NIRSPEC I NIRSpec IFU Spectroscopy (7) 2005RR43 FU 9 2003OP32 NIRSPEC I NIRSpec IFU Spectroscopy (8) 2003OP32 FU 1 JWST Proposal 1191 (Created: Tuesday, June 23, 2020 at 8:07:39 PM Eastern Standard Time) - Overview Folder Observation Label Observing Template Science Target 10 1995SM55 NIRSPEC I NIRSpec IFU Spectroscopy (9) 1995SM55 FU 11 1999KR16 NIRSPEC I NIRSpec IFU Spectroscopy (10) 1999KR16 FU 12 2002AW197 NIRSPEC NIRSpec IFU Spectroscopy (11) 2002AW197 IFU 13 2005UQ513 NIRSPEC NIRSpec IFU Spectroscopy (12) 2005UQ513 IFU 14 2004PT107 NIRSPEC I NIRSpec IFU Spectroscopy (13) 2004PT107 FU LOW ALBEDO DWARF-PLANET KBOS 15 2007OR10 NIRSPEC I NIRSpec IFU Spectroscopy (3) 2007OR10 FU 16 SALACIA NIRSPEC I NIRSpec IFU Spectroscopy (4) SALACIA FU 17 2002MS4 NIRSPEC IF NIRSpec IFU Spectroscopy (5) 2002MS4 U ERIS 18 ERIS MIRI LRS MIRI Low Resolution Spectroscopy (2) ERIS 19 ERIS NIRSPEC IFU NIRSpec IFU Spectroscopy (2) ERIS ABSTRACT We plan to exploit JWST’s exquisite sensitivity in the 1-5 micron region to study the largest trans-Neptunian Objects and Kuiper Belt objects via reflectance spectroscopy. The composition of even the largest of these bodies is poorly constrained. We propose to use NIRSpec’s IFU to obtain the first high-SNR, R > 100 spectra for a sample of these objects. MIRI spectra will also be obtained on some targets. These data can be expected to reveal the presence of previously unseen molecular ices, constrain their physical state (crystalline phase, solution with other species, temperature, grain-size), identify new organic species, and constrain isotopic ratios for some elements (H, O, C, N). MIRI MRS data will also be used to study temperature variations on several targets, and will be interpreted in the context of existing Herschel and/or Spitzer thermal data. The targets represent a large fraction of the diversity of the Kuiper Belt in terms of collisional history (Pluto and Haumea underwent catastrophic impacts), effects of planetary migration (resonant, classical, Centaur and scattered objects), multiplicity (several host at least one moon), albedo, and major species composition (H2O, CH4, N2, NH3, CO). These objects represent the end-state of accretion and subsequent processing in the Kuiper Belt. This initial reconnaissance of their surface compositions will inform our understanding of the long history of processes in the outermost regions of the Sun’s proto-planetary disk. 2 JWST Proposal 1191 (Created: Tuesday, June 23, 2020 at 8:07:39 PM Eastern Standard Time) - Overview This proposal is part of a broader set of guaranteed-time observations to be made under programs 1254, 1272, 1273, 1231 and 1271. OBSERVING DESCRIPTION PLUTO+CHARON: NIRSpec IFU observations with the high-resolution gratings are planned for 4 different sub-observer longitudes on Pluto: 0, 120, 200, and 280 degrees. The range for each sub-observer longitude is 20 degrees. Pluto's rotation period is ~6.4 days. These central longitude constraints place a time window for the observations to occur less than 24 hours, but greater than 1 hour, so do not receive a 1-hour overhead. A MIRI MRS observation is grouped with the NIRSpec observation centered at 200 degrees longitude (observation 5), the approximate location of the volatile-rich Sputnik Planitia. The NRSIRS2RAPID readout mode was chosen for the NIRSpec observations to maximize the SNR in a short amount of time. The full MRS range (all 3 grating settings) will be used to obtain observations from 5.6 to 28 microns. Simultaneous imaging of the field near Pluto during the MRS observations are planned with the F560W filter. TA for the Pluto+Charon MRS observations are not required because of the high accuracy of the ephemeris. HAUMEA FAMILY: 2002 TX300, 2005 RR43, 2003 OP32, and 1995 SM55 are currently considered to be members of the Haumea collisional family due to their orbital elements and surface composition. 1999 KR16, 2002 AW197, 2005 UQ513, and 2004 PT107 have similar orbital elements to the Haumea family but lack the same surface compositions from ground-based near-infrared spectra. All 8 of thes objects will be observed with the NIRSpec IFU in PRISM mode to test if surface composition truly is a prerequisite for Haumea family membership. LOW ALBEDO KBOS: 2007 OR10, Salacia, and 2002 MS4 will be observed with the NIRSpec IFU in PRISM mode. ERIS: Due to its brightness, Eris will be observed with the NIRSpec IFU and the medium-resolution gratings across the entire near-infrared wavelength range. No PRISM observations are specified. MIRI LRS observations will be used to obtain short-wavelength mid-infrared spectra of this KBO, and a TA is specified in order to accurately place Eris in the thin LRS slit. The rotation period of Eris is poorly-constrained, so we do not place central longitude constraints on these observations. 3 Proposal 1191 - Targets - Kuiper Belt Science with JWST # Name Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 (1) PLUTO+CHARON STD=PLUTO Comments: Keyword=Dwarf-Planet Description=Pluto and Charon Extended=NO (2) ERIS STD=ERIS Comments: Keyword=Dwarf-Planet Description=Eris Extended=NO (3) 2007OR10 TYPE=ASTEROID,A=66.93073980788905,E=.50229 50155121956,I=30.8256871008277,O=336.836668470 248,W=206.7335684000957,M=102.7637022799479,E QUINOX=J2000,EPOCH=27-NOV- 2012:00:00:00,EpochTimeScale=TDB Comments: Keyword=Asteroid Description=Low Albedo KBO Extended=NO (4) SALACIA TYPE=ASTEROID,A=41.85382357503831,E=.10763 44536419618,I=23.95494890419987,O=280.21236753 39016,W=307.4592588240899,M=106.240543793148 8,EQUINOX=J2000,EPOCH=25-NOV- 2003:00:00:00,EpochTimeScale=TDB Comments: Keyword=Asteroid Description=Low Albedo KBO Extended=NO (5) 2002MS4 TYPE=ASTEROID,A=41.82032318192747,E=.14227 7231771039,I=17.66466966472026,O=215.949060041 6931,W=215.2591856719773,M=202.561766491114,E QUINOX=J2000,EPOCH=16-AUG- 2005:00:00:00,EpochTimeScale=TDB Comments: Keyword=Asteroid Description=Low Albedo KBO Extended=NO (6) 2002TX300 TYPE=ASTEROID,A=43.13551768693292,E=.12374 Solar System Targets 0950291452,I=25.85699574353241,O=324.579027765 9468,W=338.8752171966292,M=62.12902331374818, EQUINOX=J2000,EPOCH=08-DEC- 2006:00:00:00,EpochTimeScale=TDB Comments: Keyword=Asteroid Description=Haumea Family Extended=NO (7) 2005RR43 TYPE=ASTEROID,A=43.39987610785355,E=.14260 52102814762,I=28.51511514296795,O=85.827587355 78588,W=279.7015277200914,M=35.8505590231892 3,EQUINOX=J2000,EPOCH=01-MAY- 2010:00:00:00,EpochTimeScale=TDB Comments: Keyword=Asteroid Description=Haumea Family Extended=NO (8) 2003OP32 TYPE=ASTEROID,A=43.363895677831,E=.1058565 112747403,I=27.11179442233075,O=183.0784482849 183,W=71.04094464954053,M=61.98031271287037,E QUINOX=J2000,EPOCH=09-APR- 2011:00:00:00,EpochTimeScale=TDB Comments: Keyword=Asteroid Description=Haumea Family Extended=NO 4 Proposal 1191 - Targets - Kuiper Belt Science with JWST (9) 1995SM55 TYPE=ASTEROID,A=41.66299129248996,E=.10186 11829187327,I=27.08176493385315,O=21.059205133 6062,W=71.95817386654167,M=316.3838814542086, EQUINOX=J2000,EPOCH=05-JUL- 2007:00:00:00,EpochTimeScale=TDB Comments: Keyword=Asteroid Description=Haumea Family Extended=NO (10) 1999KR16 TYPE=ASTEROID,A=48.5919643771204,E=.301257 3928514389,I=24.83856297139288,O=205.650685123 6761,W=58.84062414452438,M=341.9614248739707, EQUINOX=J2000,EPOCH=19-APR- 2013:00:00:00,EpochTimeScale=TDB Comments: Keyword=Asteroid Description=Haumea Family Extended=NO (11) 2002AW197 TYPE=ASTEROID,A=47.03563486291949,E=.12768 41495163749,I=24.41628329953292,O=297.51683027 68084,W=297.2275356552225,M=283.561145475537 5,EQUINOX=J2000,EPOCH=21-JUL- 2010:00:00:00,EpochTimeScale=TDB Comments: Keyword=Asteroid Description=Haumea Family Extended=NO (12) 2005UQ513 TYPE=ASTEROID,A=43.22245504866755,E=.14833 91886612707,I=25.70701943711882,O=307.68988219 45073,W=222.6274491863276,M=211.881005636015 2,EQUINOX=J2000,EPOCH=25-MAR- 2007:00:00:00,EpochTimeScale=TDB Comments: Keyword=Asteroid Description=Haumea Family Extended=NO (13) 2004PT107 TYPE=ASTEROID,A=40.49311305212184,E=.05686 704790946663,I=26.16640896268327,O=320.9529411 782484,W=21.51122331810738,M=347.81155210845 65,EQUINOX=J2000,EPOCH=14-AUG- 2013:00:00:00,EpochTimeScale=TDB Comments: Keyword=Asteroid Description=Haumea Family Extended=NO 5 Proposal 1191 - Observation 2 - Kuiper Belt Science with JWST Proposal 1191, Observation 2: PLUTO MIRI MRS Wed Jun 24 01:07:39 GMT 2020 Diagnostic Status: Warning Observing Template: MIRI Medium Resolution Spectroscopy Observation (Visit 2:1) Warning (Form): Overheads are provisional until the Visit Planner has been run.