151 2. Davis A, et a!. Multicentre clinical trials of benzimidazolecarbamates in cyst fluid when albendazole was given with cimetidine, Dipo SsiLim. 'bis{!1-[2,3-0ihydroxyt>uta�edi�<l1;o(4+0',d.d, human cystic echinococcosis (phase 2). Bull lVHO 1989; 67: 503-8. (<l which may increase efficacy in the treatment of echino­ 0']}-diantimonate(L·) . .trthycirat e:. DipOtassiuM· bis[>Hartrato coccosis.1 ' · Breast feeding. The results of a study1 in 33 women given (4-)]diaritimon�e(2-) trihydrate. l. Wen H, et al. Initial observation on albendazole in combination with Csfi,t<,b,jSb,JH,'Q=66/9 ·. a single oral 400-mg dose of albcndazolc suggested that cimetidine for the treatment of human cystic echinococcosis. Ann Trop albendazole and its active metabolite attained low concen­ Med Parasitol 1994; 88: 49-52. .• antimony trations in breast milk. The authors considered that CAS - 1107J-15cl ionhydrou.spotassium potassiumtrihydrateJ, t<:frtra te); albendazole was unlikely to be harmful to breast-fed !an timony tartrate Pharmacokinetics ·- . infants. UNIJ DU50Z416V3 tract is Pharmacopoeias. In US. I. Abdel·tawab AM et al. Albendazole and its metabolites in the breast Absorption of albendazole from the gastrointestinal , milk of lactating women following a single oral dose of albendazole. Br J poor but may be enhanced by a fatty meal. Albendazole USP 36: (Antimony Potassium Tartrate). Odourless, Clin Phannacol 2009; 68: 737-42. rapidly undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism. Its colourless, transparent crystals or white powder. The principal metabolite albendazole sulfoxide has anthelmintic crystals effloresce on exposure to air and do not readily Effects on growth. A multiple-dose regimen of albend­ activity and a plasma half-life of about 8.5 hours. rehydrate even on exposure to high humidity. Soluble 1 in azole in children with asymptomatic trichuriasis has been Albendazole sulfoxide is widely distributed throughout the 12 of water, I in 3 of boiling water, and 1 in 15 of glycerol; reported to be associated with impaired growth in those body including into the bile and the CSF. It is about 70% insoluble in alcohol. Its solutions are acid to litmus. with low levels of infection.1 However it was considered bound to plasma protein. Albendazole sulfoxide is 1 that this should not prevent the use of single doses in eliminated in the bile; only a small amount appears to be Antimony Sodium Tartrate mass treatment programmes. 2 excreted in the urine. 1. Forrester JE, et al. Randomised trial of albendazole and pyrantel in Antim. Sod. !art; s.P ic.o, t�!trato; Sodium References. Anttmor1ico. ? symptomless trichuriasis in children. Lancet 1998; 352: 1103-8. 1. Marriner SE, et a!. Pharmacokinetics of albendazole in man. Bur .l Clin Antirnonylt'di)Jate; Stibium Natrium Tartaric.um; 2. Winstanley P. Albendazole for mass treatment of asymptomatic trichuris Pharmacol 1986; 30: 705-8. Tap.;.pa:t Ha'q)wl!. , AHTMMOHWJ· infections. Lancet 1998; 352: 1080-l. · . • .. :· 2. Morris DL, et al. Penetration of albendazole sulphoxide into hydatid Disodium blS(!l·[2,3-dihydroxybutanedio.ato(4-)-a'.o'.:d', OjJ cysts. Gut 1987; 28: 75-80. 3. Steiger U, et a!. Albendazole treatment of echinococcosis in humans: diantir;r:tor\ate\2-l; . Dbos:fiurn · bis{l-!·fl3+Hartrato(4-j]jdiantl- Effects on theliver. In a series of 40 patients given albend­ · azole for echinococcosis, 7 developed abnormalities in effects on microsomal metabolism and drug tolerance. Clin Phannacol rnonatt:(2c)o liver function tests during therapy.' Six had a hepatocellu­ Ther 1990; 47: 347-53. 4. Jung H, et al. Clinical pharmacokinetics of albendazole in patients with lar type of abnormality attributable to albendazole; the brain cysticercosis. J Clin Pharmacal 1992; 32: 28-31. C"H.�Na-'- ,Oi,Sb'2;=581,6 seventh had cholestatic jaundice which was probably not 5. Jung H, et a!. Clinical pharmacokinetics of albendazole in children with CAS 3452HJ9cfl. : due to albendazole. See also Incidence of Adverse Effects, neurocysticercosis. Am J Ther 1997; 4: 23-6. UN!/ _;;3KUtO£P4fjL; 6. Dayan AD. Albendazole, mebendazole and praziquantel: review of Pharmacopoeias. In Int. (as C.JI Na0 Sb 308.8) and US. p. 150.3 for reports of raised serun1-transaminase levels. 4 7 = non-clinical toxicity and pharmacokinetics. Acta Trop 2003; 86: 141-59. Albendazole should only be used in the treatment of USP 36: (Antimony Sodium Tartrate). Odourless, colour­ echinococcosis if there is constant medical supervision with less, transparent crystals or white powder. The crystals regular monitoring of serum-transaminase concentrations effloresce on exposure to air. Freely soluble in water; and of leucocyte and platelet counts. Patients with liver ProprietaryPreparations (details are given in Volume B) insoluble in alcohol. damage should be treated with reduced doses of Single-ingredient Preparations.Arg.: Vastus; Vermizole; Austral.: benzimidazole carbamates, if at all.' Eskazole; Zentel; Austria: Eskazole; Braz. : Alba-3; Albel; Sodium Stibocaptate (BAN. r!NN! l. Morris DL, Smith PG. Albendazole in hydatid disease-hepatocellular Albendrox; Albendy; Albentel; Albenzonil; Albezin; Alin; Ben­ toxicity. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1987; 81: 343-4. zol; Imavermilt; Mebenix; Monozol; Neo Bendazol; Parasin; Antimony· Dimer�apt0sw:<::inate; Estibocaprato de 2. Davis A, et al. Multicentre clinical trials of benzimidazolecarbamates in Parazol; Vermiclase; Vermital; Zentel; Zolben; Chile: Ceprazolt; sodio; Natriisodiurn Stlbo;ca • pta$; 1544/6;' Sb-58; Stiboc<:!ptate; human cystic echinococcosis (phase 2). Bull "WHO 1989; 67: 503-8. Vermoil; Zemel; China: Abentel Zentel Cz.: Stiboc'aotate de Sodium; Ro·+ Haipv!)'l. <:;1 kf6ol$mar. Zentelt; Fr.: Eskazole; Zentel; Ger.: Eskazole; Gr.: Albendol; Antimony sodium · tl9eso-2'l'Wiib/6;,3·dimek aptbsucc1nate. The Pregnancy. Albendazole is teratogenic in some animals ('iJJ.lH\c); (ll!ii1ll'/i'); Eskazole; Zemel; India: ABD; Abide; ABZ; Abzole; AH AI; 806.1 and there are no adequate and well controlled studies in for mul�.· './aries hom �··G:,,I:tfil\li>0\'"S."Sl:l1 "' to Albacos; Albamaa; Albasym; Albazole; Albekon; Albendol;-I; C:zH;Na,01 �t\Sb2 human pregnancy. Albendazole is therefore usually Albent; Albenzole; Albesan; Albest; Albestar; Albex; Albezole; contra-Indicated during pregnancy and US licensed pro­ 0\5 =:(C9>�.0 ,;Hi}lai!iuS� Sth}. Albol; Albosym; Alboven; Albrodo; Alenda; Alia; Alrrtinth; 3 duct information cautions against becoming pregnant Altec; Alworm; Alzad; Alzol; Anthel; Antiworm; Ariban; Asi­ _;; 064"6 r 'l ' . while taking albendazole or within one month of complet­ bend; Atbend; Aviband; Avizole; Band; Bandy; Banthel; Bend­ ON!! '- lJFV4 iJIJLHiO, • ing treatment. ex; Bendol; Benrod; Benzys; Biwom; C-Band; C-Bend; C-Trop; Stibophen For reference to a study of women given albendazole Cidazole; Combantrin-A; Conthel; Cuwarm; Dazo; Dispel; E­ with ivermectin during the second trimester of pregnancy, Bend; Ebex; Ejectil; Elbend; Eleben; Elminex; Emanthalt; Estibofeno; Foua(jin;Stlbophenum; see p. 158.2. Enbenol; Foben; Gekare; Getrid; Janbol; Kiraza; Lupibend; alsl4.5-dthydroxybenzel')ec1, 3-cl!sufphonaCilri�H.t6(4-)'0" ,0:)a11ti· Milibend; Morband; N-Bend; NBWorm; Nemaban; Nemofex; monate(5-) pen.t�SQdiut:nheptahxdr<ite. Nemozole; Noworm; Nubend; Oben; Odal; Olban; Olworm; . Interactions C,1H4Na1016S,.Sb..7H10"CS95.2 . Omnitel; Zentel; Israel: Eskazole; !tal.: Zentel; Malaysia: Alben­ 16-4 heptahydrat"!. dolt; Almex; Champs D-Worms; Mesin-C; Thelban; Vemizol; CA S - 15489· (stibop.hen . ... Anthelmintics. The plasma concentration of albendazole Zenda!; Zenmex; Zentel; Zoben; Mex. : Albensilt; Aldamin; Alfa­ ATC - P02BX03. sulfoxide has been increased by praziquantel, 1 although the zol; Bendapart; Bradelmin; Dazocan; Dazolin; Dezabil; Digeza­ practical consequences of this were considered uncertain. nol; Entoplust; Eskazole; Euralben; Gascop; Helmisonst; Tiides; Uses and Administration A later study2 in healthy subjects indicated that plasma Kolexan; Loveralt; Lumbrifar; Lurdex; Olbenditalt; Rivazol; Trivalent antimony compounds were used in the treatment concentrations of ( +) and (-) enantiomers of albendazole Serbendazol; Synparyn; Tenibext; Veranzolt; Vermin Plus; Vermisen; Zelfin; Zenaxin; Zentel; Neth.: Eskazole; Philipp. : of the protozoal infection leishmaniasis until the advent of sulfoxide were increased by about 260 and 360% respec­ Adazol; Alzel; Benzol; Zentel; Pol.: Zentel; Port.: Zentel; Rus.: the less toxic pentavalent compounds. They continued to be tively, albendazole sulfone by some 190%, and (-)-(R)­ Nemozole (HeMo3on); Sanoxal (CaHoKcan); S.Afr. : Bendex; Wor­ used in the treatment of schistosomiasis, but have now been praziquantel by about 65%, when albendazole and prazi­ madole; Zentel; Singapore: Albendol; Alzental; Zentel; Spain: superseded by less toxic and more easily given drugs such as quantel were given together. Although this raised the pos­ Eskazole; Switz.: Zentel; Thai.: Abentelt; Albatel; Alben-Hero; praziquantel. sibility of increased efficacy from the combination, the Alben-VC; Alben; Albenda; Albenz; Albezol; Aida; Aldazole; Antimony sodium tartrate was formerly used as an magnitude of the changes suggested that increased adverse Alfuca; Alzol; Anthedat; Benyad; CB-400; Falben; Fate!; Gen­ emetic. The sodium tartrate and potassium tartrate have effects might be a problem, and dose adjustment might be dazel; Labenda; Leo-400t; Manozide; Mesin; Mycotelt; Proda­ also been used as expectorants. needed.2 zole; San-San; Vermixide; Vetoben;