Clemson University TigerPrints All Theses Theses 12-2006 TAO RESIDENTS' PERCEPTIONS OF SOCIAL AND CULTRUAL IMPACTS OF TOURISM IN LAN-YU, TAIWAN Cheng-hsuan Hsu Clemson University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses Part of the Recreation, Parks and Tourism Administration Commons Recommended Citation Hsu, Cheng-hsuan, "TAO RESIDENTS' PERCEPTIONS OF SOCIAL AND CULTRUAL IMPACTS OF TOURISM IN LAN-YU, TAIWAN" (2006). All Theses. 47. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/47 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses at TigerPrints. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Theses by an authorized administrator of TigerPrints. For more information, please contact [email protected]. TAO RESIDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF SOCIAL AND CULTRUAL IMPACTS OF TOURISM IN LAN-YU, TAIWAN _________________________________________________________ A Thesis Presented to the Graduate School of Clemson University _________________________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science Park, Recreation, and Tourism Management _________________________________________________________ by Cheng-Hsuan Hsu December 2006 _________________________________________________________ Accepted by: Dr. Kenneth F. Backman, Committee Chair Dr. Sheila J. Backman Dr. Francis A. McGuire ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to investigate residents’ perceptions of the social and cultural impacts of tourism on Lan-Yu (Orchid Island). More specifically, this study examines Lan-Yu’s aboriginal residents’ (The Tao) perceptions of social and cultural impacts of tourism. Systematic sampling and a survey questionnaire procedure was employed in this study. After the factor analysis, three underlying dimensions were found when examining Tao residents’ perceptions of social and cultural impacts of tourism, and they were named: positive cultural effects, negative cultural effects, and negative social effects. The results from the multivariate analysis of variance indicated that the Tao’s perceptions toward social and cultural impacts of tourism were different based on their educational level, employment status, income level, marital status, and length of residence. However, it was concluded that the Tao at this time do not perceive many impacts (either positive or negative) from the development of tourism on Lan-Yu. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS There are some individuals I would like to acknowledge for their assistance throughout this thesis. First of all, I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. Ken Backman, for his personal investment in me and the completion of my M. S. Degree at the Clemson University. The encouragement, support, and guidance will never be forgotten, Dr. Backman. I would also like to thank Dr. Sheila Backman and Dr. Francis McGuire for your helpful advice and suggestions. I would like to thank the residents in Lan-Yu for their hospitality during my stay and willingness to participate in the study. Additionally, I would like to thank the owner of the hostel which I stayed in Lan-Yu for giving me helpful advice of interacting with residents. Special thanks to my family in Taipei, Taiwan. Especially my parents for all your love and support through the years, and more specifically, your encouragement during my time spent in Clemson, South Carolina pursing my degree and my dream of a career in the field of tourism and leisure. Thank you both for always being there and being support in my various endeavors. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TITLE PAGE ......................................................................................................... i ABSTRACT............................................................................................................ ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................... iv LIST OF TABLES.................................................................................................. vi CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................. 1 Statement of Purpose ......................................................................... 3 Research Questions ........................................................................... 4 Hypotheses ........................................................................................ 4 Delimitations ..................................................................................... 5 Limitations ........................................................................................ 5 Definition of Terms ........................................................................... 5 Summary ........................................................................................... 6 2. LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................ 7 Introduction........................................................................................ 7 An Overview of Tourism Impacts Literature..................................... 7 Residents’ Attitudes toward Tourism Development Literature......... 9 Perceived Social and Cultural Impacts of Tourism Development Literature ..................................................................................... 13 Theoretical Framework for This Study of the Tao and Tourism In Lan-Yu .................................................................................... 16 Summary ........................................................................................... 20 3. METHODS .............................................................................................. 21 Introduction........................................................................................ 21 Study Area ........................................................................................ 21 Study Population ............................................................................... 23 Sampling ........................................................................................... 25 Survey Instrument ............................................................................. 26 v Table of Contents (Continued) Page Data Collection ................................................................................. 27 Operationalization of Variables and Measurement ........................... 29 Data Analysis .................................................................................... 31 Summary............................................................................................ 33 4. RESUTLS ................................................................................................ 34 Introduction........................................................................................ 34 Descriptive Statistic .......................................................................... 34 The Underlying Dimensions of the Perceived Social and Cultural Impacts of Tourism ....................................................... 40 Multivariate Analysis of Variance for the Relationship between Socio-demographic Variables and the Underlying Dimensions of the Perceived Social and Cultural Impacts ......... 46 Tao Residents’ Attitudes toward Tourism Development .................. 59 Summary ........................................................................................... 60 5. CONCLUSION........................................................................................ 61 Introduction........................................................................................ 61 Summary of Findings......................................................................... 61 Discussion.......................................................................................... 65 Recommendations of Future Study.................................................... 68 APPENDICES ........................................................................................................ 70 A: English Informational Letter.............................................................. 71 B: Chinese Informational Letter............................................................. 73 C: English Version Questionnaire .......................................................... 75 D: Chinese Version Questionnaire ......................................................... 81 REFERENCES ....................................................................................................... 86 LIST OF TABLES Table Page 4.1 Participants’ Demographics..................................................................... 36 4.2 Participants’ Demographics by Village ................................................... 38 4.3 Factor Analysis on the Perceived Social and Cultural Impacts of Tourism.......................................................................................... 41 4.4 Mean Scores and Standard Deviations for Positive Cultural Effects ................................................................................................ 44 4.5 Mean Scores and Standard Deviations for Negative Cultural Effects ................................................................................................ 44 4.6 Mean Scores and Standard Deviations for Negative Social Effects ................................................................................................ 45 4.7 Mean Scores and Standard Deviations for Three Underlying Dimensions ......................................................................................