Entomological Research 38 (2008) 281–286 RESEARCHBlackwell Publishing Ltd PAPER Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoridae: Aphaeninae) finally, but suddenly arrived in Korea Jung Min HAN1, Hyojoong KIM2, Eun Ji LIM1, Seunghwan LEE2, Yong-Jung KWON3 and Soowon CHO1 1 Department of Plant Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea 2 School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea 3 Division of Applied Biology and Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea Correspondence Abstract Soowon Cho, Department of Plant Medicine, Chungbuk National University, A history of name changes in two fulgorid species – Lycorma delicatula and Limois Cheongju 361-763, Korea. emelianovi – is reviewed. Lycorma delicatula was once mistakenly reported to Email: [email protected] occur in Korea. Now, it has suddenly become common in western Korea, creating the suspicion that it has recently arrived from China and settled in Korea. A brief Received 6 April 2008; accepted 26 August morphological and biological description of L. delicatula is provided, and its 2008. original Korean name, “ggot-mae-mi”, is revalidated. Limois emelianovi, sometimes considered a synonym of emeljanovi, is the correct name for this species, doi: 10.1111/j.1748-5967.2008.00188.x as emeljanovi is simply another transliteration of the personal name Emelianov, Emeljanov or Emel’yanov. The name emelianovi stands correct based on the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature code 32.5.1, because there is no internal evidence of an inadvertent error, and an incorrect transliteration is not considered an inadvertent error. The cytochrome oxidase I (COI) barcoding regions of both species were sequenced and compared for future reference. Key words: barcoding sequence, biology, cytochrome oxidase I (COI), distribution, ICZN, Lycorma delicatula, Limois emelianovi, synonym. We investigated the taxonomic history and name changes Introduction of two Korean fulgorid species, Lycorma delicatula and There are two species of Fulgoridae (Hemiptera: Limois emelianovi. We briefly surveyed the occurrence and Auchenorrhyncha) known to occur in Korea: Lycorma studied the life cycle of L. delicatula. In addition, we delicatula (White, 1845) and Limois emelianovi Oshanin, sequenced the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) barcoding regions 1908. Both species were reported for the first time in Korea of the two species for future reference. in 1932 by a Japanese researcher, Doi (Doi 1932a,b). Interestingly, while L. emelianovi has been steadily collected Materials and methods in Korea, L. delicatula has never been found until recently. This led Kwon and Huh (2001) to conclude that L. delicatula Survey on the occurrence of Lycorma delicatula does not occur in Korea. However, the species has become suddenly (since 2006) quite common in western Korea. It There have been various sources for the occurrence of seems that it was somehow introduced from China recently L. delicatula, such as personal blogs on the Internet. and has reproduced successfully in Korea. As its biology and Wherever possible, we visited the sites in person to confirm pest status become more interesting, its nomenclature needs its existence. The 2007 survey result was not much different to be addressed. from the 2006 survey, as the expansion of the population was © 2008 The Authors Journal compilation © 2008 The Entomological Society of Korea and Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd J. M. Han et al. within western Korea. The difference was mainly in the size cicada” in English, and is called “ggot-mae-mi” in Korea. of the population. Although its occurrence extends south to India and Vietnam, Liu (1939) reported that the species is more common in northern than in southern China. DNA extraction and sequencing of the COI At this point, we are uncertain whether there is L. delicatula barcoding regions in Japan or not. In the Mokuroku database website, based on Localities of the samples used for sequencing are as follows. A Check List of Japanese Insects (Tadauchi & Inoue 2000), 1. L. delicatula: Chungbuk National University, Gaesin-dong, “HONSHU?, KYUSHU?, OkinawaHonto Is.?” is listed as Cheongju, CB, Korea (36°37′39.9″N, 127°27′13.9″E); localities for L. delicatula, but each with “?” added. If 2 November 2007; J. M. Han. L. delicatula does not occur in Japan yet, then it is likely the 2. L. emelianovi: Weol-ag-san [Mount], Songgye-li, Hansu, species will be introduced in the near future as the range of Jecheon, CB, Korea (36°51′15.6″N, 128°04′53.8″E); 16– its distribution has expanded to Korea. 17 September 2007; S. W. Cho and J. M. Han. Together with L. emelianovi (=kekuchii), this species was Specimens freshly collected were soaked in absolute ethyl first reported as a Lycorma species in Korea in early 1932 by alcohol and stored at −80°C until DNA was extracted from Doi (1932a). Although no specific information was given at them. Nucleic acid extraction was performed on thoraces. that time, it was somehow believed to be L. delicatula since The total genomic DNA was extracted using a DNeasy then, possibly because L. delicatula was the most common Extraction Kit (Qiagen, Germany), and 20 μL of the extract species in China. Unfortunately, just a few months after Doi’s was stored at −20°C until it was used for PCR amplification. first note, he reported again that it was a misidentification of The PCR conditions and amplification methods of Lee et al. L. emelianovi (Doi 1932b). But Doi’s second report was (2005) were followed. Primers were either as in Folmer et al. overlooked, and L. delicatula has been thought to occur in (1994) or developed using the CODEHOP program (Rose et al. Korea for a long time (Zoological Society of Korea 1975). 1998). Both directions were sequenced for greater accuracy. Inevitably, as no specimen had been found, Lee (1979) noted that the occurrence of this species needed further investigation while he included L. delicatula in his faunistic study of Results and discussion Korean Auchenorrhyncha. In 2001, Kwon and Huh eventually excluded this species from the list of Fulgoridae, leaving Historical problem of the occurrence of Lycorma L. emelianovi as the only fulgorid species occurring in delicatula in Korea Korea, and changed the Korean name of L. emelianovi from Lycorma delicatula was first recorded by White in 1845 “hui-jo-ggot-mae-mi” to “ggot-mae-mi.” based on the sample collected from Nankin, China in 1844 Through the irony of chance, only a few years after its (White 1845). However, this species has been known in exclusion from the list of Korean species, L. delicatula China as a medicinal insect (Choi et al. 2002) since the suddenly appeared in Korea, and this time not a few but twelfth century, and here we quote from Liu (1939): many. The first report of L. delicatula was in 2004, based on a few adults collected at Cheonan in September (Kim & Kim . They look like a moth but with the abdomen larger and 2005). In 2005, an image of an adult was posted on the the head and the legs blackish. There are two pairs of Internet by a netizen. Then in 2006, a sudden burst of its wings, the outer pair (tegmina) is grey while the inner pair population was noticed in many places. We surveyed the (wings) is deep red, decorated with all five colors . (from occurrence of L. delicatula in 2006 and found it occurred at Pen Ts’ao Yen Yi by Kio, Chung Pi in 1111–1116). many sites, all in western Korea (Fig. 1), probably indicating . smelling Ailanthus trees. The outer wings of the insects that the species was accidentally introduced from China and (chu ki) are grayish yellow while the inner ones are has settled successfully. In the following year, the abundance decorated with all five colors. They generally line up on the of the species was even more noticeable, especially around tree and by the late fall, deposit their eggs on the bark. The early autumn, and many people were annoyed by the intrusion nymph has six legs, with wings (?) doubled and black and of this species, which is unafraid of people, into houses and the head depressed and truncated in front . (from Pen orchards. Although their host plant is known to be Ailanthus Ts’ao Kang Mu by Li, Shih Chen in 1578). altissima (tree of heaven), the adults also feed on many other kinds of plant and become a pest on some trees, including Based on the above, we know that the species was described grapevines. in detail morphologically and biologically, including its host The presence of L. delicatula in Korea is now obvious. As plant information. a consequence, we need to fix its Korean name to avoid This species is called “chu-ki” or, more recently, “ban- confusion (L. delicatula has been temporarily called “ju- yi-la-chan” in China, often translated as “spot clothing wax hong-nal-gae-ggot-mae-mi” for the past couple of years.). 282 Entomological Research 38 (2008) 281–286 © 2008 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2008 The Entomological Society of Korea and Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd Lycorma delicatula in Korea Figure 1 Occurrence of Lycorma delicatula in Korea in 2006. The asterisks marked on the map are where the authors visited and confirmed its occurrence. Here, we propose that “ggot-mae-mi”, the original Korean name of L. delicatula, should be revalidated and the name Figure 2 (a) Lycorma delicatula adult. (b) Limois emelianovi adult. (c) Last instar of L. delicatula. First to third instars are similar in color L. emelianovi should revert back to its original name, pattern, with white dots on a black body, while the fourth instar has “hui-jo-ggot-mae-mi.” red color added. (d) Female L. delicatula: the postero-caudal end of the abdomen is reddish.