The value of Network Neutrality for the Internet of Tomorrow Luca Belli, Primavera de Filippi To cite this version: Luca Belli, Primavera de Filippi. The value of Network Neutrality for the Internet of Tomorrow: Report of the Dynamic Coalition on Network Neutrality. 2013. hal-01026096 HAL Id: hal-01026096 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01026096 Submitted on 19 Jul 2014 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. The Value of Network Neutrality for the Internet of Tomorrow The Value of Network Neutrality for the Internet of Tomorrow Report of the Dynamic Coalition on Network Neutrality Edited by Luca Belli & Primavera De Filippi Preface by Marietje Schaake TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD .........................................................................................................................................1 A NEW ARRIVAL IN THE IGF FAMILY: THE DYNAMIC COALITION ON NETWORK NEUTRALITY............1 The Interest of Creating a Dynamic Coalition on Network Neutrality ..............................................1 An Action Plan ...............................................................................................................................2 PREFACE .............................................................................................................................................3 INTRODUCTION – FRAMING THE NETWORK NEUTRALITY DEBATE: A MULTI-STAKEHOLDER APPROACH TOWARDS A POLICY BLUE-PRINT ....................................................................................................5 References: ................................................................................................................................... 10 NETWORK NEUTRALITY AND HUMAN RIGHTS AN INPUT PAPER ........................................................ 11 The origin of the network neutrality concept ................................................................................. 11 Reasons and nature of Internet traffic management ........................................................................ 14 Network management may lead to human rights violations ........................................................... 16 A human-rights-oriented approach ................................................................................................ 17 ANNEXE 1: Council of Europe – Declaration of the Committee of Ministers on Network Neutrality ..................................................................................................................................................... 19 ANNEXE 2: National legislation on Network Neutrality ............................................................... 20 References: ................................................................................................................................... 23 THE IMPORTANCE OF INTERNET NEUTRALITY TO PROTECTING HUMAN RIGHTS ONLINE .................. 26 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 26 Designed for Free Expression ........................................................................................................ 27 The Internet and Human Rights ..................................................................................................... 29 Internet Neutrality’s Role in Fostering Human Rights ................................................................... 30 States’ Role and Guiding Principles for Neutrality Rules ............................................................... 32 NET NEUTRALITY FROM A PUBLIC SPHERE PERSPECTIVE .................................................................. 36 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 36 Structural Dimension: Access to the Network for Content Producers ............................................. 37 Interactional Dimension: “Walled Gardens” .................................................................................. 40 Conclusions .................................................................................................................................. 43 References .................................................................................................................................... 44 NET NEUTRALITY: ENDING NETWORK DISCRIMINATION IN EUROPE ................................................. 46 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 46 Benefits of net neutrality ............................................................................................................... 47 What is network discrimination? ................................................................................................... 48 What is “reasonable” traffic management? .................................................................................... 49 What are the fundamental rights impacts of filtering technologies? ................................................ 51 The current state of play in the European Union ............................................................................ 52 Principles of a net neutrality law ................................................................................................... 54 Why Europe needs net neutrality legislation now .......................................................................... 55 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................... 57 References .................................................................................................................................... 58 NETWORK NEUTRALITY UNDER THE LENS OF RISK MANAGEMENT ................................................... 61 Violations to Network Neutrality ................................................................................................. 64 References .................................................................................................................................... 70 NET NEUTRALITY AND QUALITY OF SERVICE .................................................................................... 71 Foreword ...................................................................................................................................... 71 Implementation of the net neutrality principle ............................................................................... 71 Net operators ................................................................................................................................ 72 Content providers .......................................................................................................................... 72 End users ...................................................................................................................................... 72 Conflict generators ........................................................................................................................ 73 Quality of service (QoS) ............................................................................................................... 73 Closed internet .............................................................................................................................. 74 Conclusions .................................................................................................................................. 74 References .................................................................................................................................... 75 NET NEUTRALITY: PAST POLICY, PRESENT PROPOSALS, FUTURE REGULATION? ............................... 76 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 76 Policy Debate Regarding Traffic Management .............................................................................. 76 Network Neutrality Regulation in the US ...................................................................................... 78 European Legislation and Regulation of Network Neutrality ......................................................... 79 Net neutrality amendments in 2009 Directives ............................................................................... 80 Interpretation by BEREC .............................................................................................................. 81 Interpretation by other European institutions ................................................................................. 82 National Regulation since 2010: UK, France, Netherlands, Slovenia ............................................. 83 2013 Proposed European Regulation ............................................................................................. 85 Specialized Services: