Global Overview 2011 People internally displaced by conflict and violence Internally displaced people worldwide December 2011 Turkey 954,000–1,201,000 FYR Macedonia Russian Federation Armenia Azerbaijan Undetermined At least 8,500 Up to 8,400 Up to Uzbekistan 599,000 Undetermined Turkmenistan Serbia Undetermined 225,000 Kyrgyzstan About 67,000 Kosovo Georgia 18,000 At least Afghanistan 257,000 At least 450,000 Croatia 2,100 Bosnia and Herzegovina 113,000 Cyprus Pakistan Up to 208,000 At least 900,000 Israel Undetermined Nepal About 50,000 Occupied Palestinian Territory About 160,000 India At least 506,000 Libya At least 154,000 Algeria Bangladesh Undetermined Undetermined Chad Laos 126,000 Undetermined Mexico Senegal Sri Lanka About 160,000 10,000–40,000 About The Philippines Liberia 125,000 At least 46,000 Undetermined Iraq Côte d´Ivoire 2,300,000 Myanmar At least 247,000 At least 450,000 Guatemala -2,600,000 Undetermined Syria Thailand At least 589,000 Undetermined Togo Lebanon Timor-Leste Colombia Undetermined At least 47,000 Undetermined 3,876,000–5,281,000 Yemen Niger At least 463,500 Undetermined Peru Eritrea About 150,000 Nigeria Up to 10,000 Undetermined Ethiopia Undetermined Indonesia CAR Up to 180,000 105,000 Somalia 1,460,000 Republic of the Congo Up to 7,800 Kenya About 250,000 DRC 1,710,000 Uganda About 30,000 Angola Rwanda Up to 20,000 Undetermined Burundi Sudan 78,800 At least 2,200,000 Zimbabwe Undetermined South Sudan Undetermined Global Overview 2011 People internally displaced by conflict and violence April 2012 Contributors Authors and contributors: Sebastián Albuja, Ali Anwar, Nina M. Birkeland, Martina Caterina, Guillaume Charron, Rachel Dolores, Allison Fajans-Turner, Justin Ginnetti, Anne-Kathrin Glatz, Catherine-Lune Grayson, Kate Halff, Edmund Jennings, Cecilia Jimenez, Karim Khalil, Frederik Kok, Christine Leikvang, Kim Mancini Beck, Barbara McCallin, Marzia Montemurro, Laura Perez, Noémie Pierre, Jacob Rothing, Elizabeth J. Rushing, Jacqueline Shahinian, Nuur Mohamud Sheekh, Nina Schrepfer, Arnhild Spence, Clare Spurrell, Karin Tengnäs, Nadine Walicki, Michelle Yonetani and Greta Zeender Project Committee: Nina M. Birkeland, Martina Caterina, Edmund Jennings, Kim Mancini Beck, Elizabeth J. Rushing, Nuur Mohamud Sheekh and Clare Spurrell Editors: Nina M. Birkeland, Edmund Jennings and Elizabeth J. Rushing Project Coordinator: Elizabeth J. Rushing Maps, design and layout: Rachel Dolores Designer: Laris(s)a, laris-s-a.com Printing: SRO-Kundig, Geneva Cover photo: Displaced people near the Lebanese-Syrian border, May 2011. Shelling of the Syrian border town of Tel Kelakh forced inhabitants to flee within Syria and into Lebanon. (Photo: REUTERS/Omar Ibrahim, May 2011) Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre Norwegian Refugee Council Chemin de Balexert 7–9, CH-1219 Châtelaine (Geneva), Switzerland Tel : +41 22 799 07 00 Fax : +41 22 799 07 01 www.internal-displacement.org With thanks IDMC thanks the donors who supported its work in 2011 and thereby made it possible to produce this report: The Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA), USA‘s USAID, the UK‘s DFID, Austra- lia‘s AusAID, Sweden’s Sida, the Swiss FDFA, the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), the Netherlands’ MFA, the Liechtenstein MFA, the Luxembourg MFA, the Canton of Geneva and other supporters. About this report The Norwegian Refugee Council’s Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) has monitored internal displacement since 1998. Iraq IDMC reports annually in the Global Overview on the parti- cular challenges faced by people internally displaced by armed conflict, generalised violence or human rights violations. Quick facts This report begins by outlining the scale and impact of Number of IDPs 2,300,000 – 2,600,000 internal displacement during the year, and goes on to consider measures taken to resolve situations. Percentage of total population About 9.0% Five regional summaries are followed by descriptions of Start of current displacement situation 1968 internal displacement situations in countries of those regions. Peak number of IDPs (Year) 2,842,491 (2008) The regions do not correspond to continents: Algeria and Libya New displacement At least 8,000 are covered within the Middle East and North Africa region, Causes of displacement Armed conflict, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan in Europe and Cen- deliberate policy or tral Asia, and Afghanistan in South and South-East Asia. practice of arbitrary displacement, genera- lised violence, human Note on figures and information rights violations Human development index 132 To produce this report, IDMC has compiled data from govern- ments, UN and other international organisations, national and international NGOs, human rights organisations and media according to the size of the population displaced. reports. It has also gathered information during field missions The percentage of the country population is also included. to a number of countries in 2011. Percentages are based on the country population figures listed While all efforts have been made to present the most ac- in UNFPA’s State of World Population 2011, at www.unfpa.org/ curate and updated information, the extent and reliability of swp. It should be noted that there is some uncertainty over the information on the scale of internal displacement varies widely population of several countries in this report and using other between countries. Data may be based on reports of new dis- available population estimates would give significantly different placement events or, in some countries, on exercises carried percentage results. out subsequently to determine how many people need support. In countries where the number of IDPs has been signif- The availability and quality of information depends above all icantly larger in the past, the peak number and year are noted. on the willingness and capacity of the national authorities to New displacements and returns in 2011 are noted where respond to the displacement situation. Information on IDPs’ they were specifically reported; however the actual number settlement options and their post-emergency situations also of new displacements or returns may well be higher. Reports remains limited. of returns do not necessarily indicate that IDPs have found durable solutions to their displacement. Guide to country pages The causes of displacement listed include armed conflict, situations of generalised violence, violations of human rights, The country pages include short summaries of the internal dis- and deliberate policies or practices of arbitrary displacement. placement situations in countries monitored by IDMC in 2011. The UNDP’s Human Development Index ranking gives an A few countries mentioned in the regional annexes do not have idea of the level of development of a country based on the po- corresponding country pages, because there has been little or pulation’s life expectancy, literacy, educational attainment, and no new information on their internal displacement situation the gross domestic product per capita. Countries with a ranking since the end of 2010. More information on these countries can of up to 85 are considered highly developed, and those with a be found at IDMC’s website: www.internal-displacement.org. ranking between 128 and 187 are the least-developed countries The maps and tables are intended to make the essential in the list. A small number of countries are not ranked. information on a situation of internal displacement accessible at a glance. On some country pages, where the maps are blank or have only one type of shading, there is too little information to be able to specify areas of origin, displacement or both. A key to the maps and symbols is included on the inside of the flap on the back cover, and a glossary of frequently-used acronyms on the front cover flap. In the quick facts section, the estimated number of IDPs is rounded (for example, to the nearest hundred or ten thousand) Contents Key facts and figures . 8 Key findings by region . 9 Foreword . 10 Introduction . 11 The scale and impact of internal displacement . 12 Global figures in 2011 . 13 Risks faced by IDPs in 2011 . 19 Responses to internal displacement in 2011 . 22 Preventing and responding to abuses . 24 Recovering dignity and self-sufficiency . 28 Building safe and stable environments . 33 Internal displacement in Africa . 36 Internal displacement in the Americas. 55 Internal displacement in Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia . 61 Internal displacement in the Middle East and North Africa 72 Internal displacement in South and South-East Asia . 81 Key facts and figures At the end of 2011, the global number of people internally Forced evictions caused internal displacement in 18 countries displaced by armed conflict, generalised violence or human monitored by IDMC; they were more often than not carried rights violations stood at 26.4 million. out against IDPs living in precarious housing situations, result- ing in these people’s secondary displacement. This represented a fall in the number of IDPs in the world, from 27.5 million in 2010, the most significant since 2005; In 2011, IDPs in every region faced a range of risks related there has nonetheless been a steady increase in their number to their displacement, including threats to their physical se- over the past 15 years. curity and integrity, a lack of access to basic necessities and livelihoods, and violations of their rights relating to housing, The number of IDPs in sub-Saharan Africa decreased from land and property. 11.1 million to 9.7 million, but this was still the largest regional population. Discrimination against IDPs and returned IDPs continued to be among the leading challenges worldwide; people who More than 3.5 million people were newly displaced in 2011, were displaced to areas where they were a minority contin- a 20 per cent increase from 2010, including up to 1 mil- ued to face discrimination throughout their displacement, lion people displaced by the post-election violence in Côte limiting their access to housing, jobs, education and health d’Ivoire and well over 800,000 people displaced by the vio- care.