United States ~e~artmentof the interior National Park Serv~ce National Register of Historic Places Registration Farm -kt8. tam . la-. for uae-~- in namlnatlno or rsouratln0 deterrnlnltlons of ellOlblllW tor IndlVldullDmmnlea or dl~Wna.Sulnnrudmnr In OuM.HM 901 Comomttng Namnat ~~tam,Forma ~krt~on;.Rra~neveullntr 18; como~ewracr trm BY mrrwnp "a" In rlr room~nrtrmx or oyrntrnno .nr rmuaatm inwrrnatlon. 11rllmom) nm #Day lo tru omrPIwln0 alununtm. entw "NIA" 10' "nu rnDIIoaDY Fo.I~nnan,nv*l mmMll and rrraa 04 alOnl11crnm.antreonly 1% C~tr00rlrDrna ru~~atagonr~llnM in mr fnrirunlona For aoo~t.onr~MOD uummlnuatlon rnnu [Form cO.PM)@I. iyor all intnrr. 1. Nrma or Propany r~mtor~cname e l R U R A 6 02L - otner nameustie numoer N/A - - - - - - - -- - - 2. Loeatlon hv ordered&& on ~t~th- atrest B numoor Rt. 20 onCo. lineth.- P clty, town Ra- ,. on east. 3v~c~mtv state V m a code VA counrv coo. w3 ZIPCM~72987 3. Clraaltlcrtlon Ownsranl~or ProDeny Calo~oryof Propony Number of RE~ou~c~~wlthln Proprny -3pnvate bulldlng(a) Contrlbutlng Nonconlrlbutln~ ?ub!:c-iczai dietricl 776 buildlnga - rn - -public-State -site 13 niter6 -public-Federal -!zstructure A .13structuree j object 19objecca _978 834Total Name of relaleo multiple DroDeny listing: Number of contributtng resources prwiouely listed In the Nat~onalReglater 51 4. StatelFederal Agency Cenltlcatlon -7 AS the oeslanated- - authorlw under the National Hlstor~cPreservation Act of 1966. as amended.-. I herebv cenifv that tnta ! -J nomination Lreouest for determination of eiigibllii meets the documentation standards for registering pmpenlw in the ! National Register 01 Hi ces en~mwtntne procedurel and prdeaalonal nqulrements eel lonh in 38 CFR Pen 60. eels Lidoen not meet tne Nallonal Register crttarie. 5- comlnuatlonArtml. 3 J- i9fz Date rtment of '&storic Resources Slate or Fo(laral agency and ourrau I - In my oplnlon. tne pmpeny meets Udoee not meet the National Reglner crlterla. Sw contlnu@tlonih-t j Sl~natumof comrnant~n~or otner otllclal Dlts I I 5. Nrtlonrl PI* Sawlw Certlflcrtbn I. nereDy. cenlty tnel thls Dropany Is: entered in the National Reglster. r-- -.- j's- cominuar~onam.' .- cdetermined ellglbls for the Natlonal Register. a~a mtlnumton ahwl. =determined naeliglbla for the National Register. ~. ti18 removed from NrtloMl REgkr. P -- ~- ~~ - - ~~ .~.. ~- . - .~ ~~ - - ... .. --. -. ~ 6. Functlon or Ur ilstorlc Funcr~ons(enter caregorles rrom lnsrrunlonsl Zurrenr Funcr~onscenter cafegorlesfrom lnslrucilonsr See continuation sheet: See continuation sheet 7. Deacrlptlon Architectural Class~f~cat~on Mater~als(enter categories rrom rnstruct~ons) (enter calegones from rnstructlonsl faundatlon See continuaflan sh See continuation sheet walls roof Other Sescrlbe present and historic physical appearance. Located in Virginia's central Piedmont region and running along both sides of the Southwest Mountains range, the Southwest Mountains Rural Historic District encompasses approximately 31.075 acres of northeastern Albemarle County. The district is bounded on the north by the Orange County line. which also forms the southern border of the Madison-Bahour Rural Historic District: on the east by the Louisa County line and Mechunk Creek; on the south by Rt. 231 and Interstate 64,and on the west by properties adjoining Rt. 20. The district's physical characteristics include a mixture of mountainous, hilly and undulating lowland terrain. An abundance of open land affords expansive vistas of the unspoiled countryside. Cultural features such as farms and crossroads hamlets, circulation routes and road beds. as well as field patterns. tree lines. fence lines. and hedgerows complement the natural landscape elements of streams, hills. and woodlands. The district's broad range of eighteenth-?nineteenth-, and early-twentieth- century architecture reflects the evolving cultural patterns of the district's 260 years of settlement. Althou~hhown primarily for its large and imposing Federal, Greek Revival, and Georgian Revival plantation houses and country estates. the majority of the district's contributing buildings are the products of a continuous vernacular building tradition. Characterized by a d i e settlement pattern of individual plantations and farms. the district also includes several small crossroads communities established in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, including the hamlets of Cismont, Cobham, Keswick, Lindsay and Stony Point, as well as several small rural black settlements established shortly after the civil War. Although the district is situated near the City of Charlottesville, modem intrusions are relatively few and inwnspicuous. Among the architectural resoures contributing to the historic character of the district are 109 domesac comolexes consisting mainly of farm and estate residences and their associated outbuildings and agricultural buildings. Other contributing buildings include eleven churches, sixteen wrnrnerciai buildings, and two railroad depots. The district's twenty-eight conmbuting structures are related mainly to agricultural production. but also include elements such as early-twentieth-century garden walls. swimming pools, and tennis courts. Other wnmbuting resources -inclu&-sixteen cemeteries. Nonwnmbuting architectural elements include 773 buildings (mostly post-1941 houses and agricultural buildings), forty-two structures (mostly recent outbuildings and agricultural structures), and nine objects (mostly mobile homes). Archaeological resour- are not included in this nomination. -~ ~~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 6. SM~ftIOntof Slgnltlcance ^,anrtv~ngotf~c~alnas consloerec the slgnltl~nceof thls OroLmw in relatlon to oiner orooenles 5natlonallv 3statewae __)locally - - - Crileria Considera!iona (Exceptions) 5A 8 c 0 -E I ~ Ec-F Areas ot Slgnltlcance (enter categorres from instructtons) Pertod ot Significance tgnifean! Dates L - Cultural Aff~l~at~on N/A Significant Person ArchitecUBuilder See contimrationhp-+ See continuation sheet - State s~gnlflcanceot prooeny, and justrty crrterla, crrterla Consldaratlons, and areas and perrods el slgnlflcance nOteC above STATEMENT OF SIGMFTCANCE The Southwest Mountains Rural Historic District. is a remarkably unaltered and picturesque rural area northwest of the city of Charlottesville. It has significant associations with historic. figures in I d . state, and national history: its historic buildings and structures retain considerable integrity: and its rural landscape has remained relatively unchanged despite recent development in surrounding areas. The district contains a broad range of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century architecture as well as early twentieth-century estates with grand manor houses evocative of the district's earlier history. Small rural settlements, each dominated by a railroad depot or country store. as well as more modest farms and rural lots where the traditional I-house or a bungalow may be evident, illustrates theevolution of the Virginia countryside from a plantation-dominated society to the more diverse rural community that characterizes the Southwest Mountains Rural District today. Today's amanlandscape is dominated by pasm rather than field crops. and many areas that were planted previously are now in woodlands. The emphasis on fox hunting as a recreational and social activity in the district has resulted in :he deliberate preservation of enough rural countryside to conduct the hunt. Early road corridors. and curving country lanes shaded by allees of towering cedars and mature deciduous trees, together with fields delineated by old fence and cedar lines enhance the integrity of the district. The district has strong associations with several of the nation's early intellectual and political figures--including Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, Thomas Mann Randolph, and Nicholas Meriwether-who lived in or near the district and who maintained social, family, and business ties to district residents. In addition the district has strong linkages with the adjacent Madison-Barbour Rural Historic District (which extends for a forty-square-mile area from the ~ - Orange-Albemarle line north to the town of Orange). The Southwest Mountains district-serves as a geographic link between the historic residences of former United States presidents and friends Thomas Jefferson (Monticello) and James Madison (Montpelier in the Madison-Barbour District) and lies partially within Monticello's viewshed. Together the two districts represent not only the broad influence of Madison and Jefferson on their a-grarian scciety but also reflect L~~cmbilwmnm -~ ~ ~ - --~ - -~ - - --~ ~ -.. 2. Malor Blbllopm~hlcalRskmnces See conrinuation sneer 900 contlnurtlon ahrat -D~rv~oumaocumrnrr!lon on flls (NPS1, -;rer!rnlnrry artrrrnlnrtlon of lndlvldurl llatlng (38 CFR 87) Drlmrry locrtlon of addltlonal dataL -iaa aren rrourrlrd -3 ~trtrnlatorlc orrarrvatlon offlca v prrv~ourlyllrtrd In tho Nrtlonal Raglalor i -0lhrr 8trtr agency -prrvlourly drtrrmlned ellglblr by tho Nrtlonrl Rrglrrr -JFrdrrrl qmcy --deslgnatrd r Natlond Hlncnc Landmark iLocal govrrnrnrnf -recorded by Hlstorlc Amsr~crnBullalnga _- Unlvsmlty -survey r -IOthar -recoromd by htslorlc Ammrtcan Eng~nssrlng Saeclfy re~osltory: ?ecora # # 221 Governor St., Richmond, VA 23219 10. Geographtcrl Data Acreage of properly -53.!Xes. UTM References A I- I : , 61- I I. , , I Zone Easllng Nonntng Zone Eastlno -Nonhlng 3 See continuallon sheet See continuation sheet See contlnustlon sneet See continuation sheet Sw kntlnustlon sheet 11. Form Pmpamd By nerne/llNs r;lrdP brannrnltv - -q organlzatlon lseetI