Japan and Canada in Comparative Perspective Economics and Politics; Regions, Places and People A Collection of Papers from an International Conference held in Tokyo, May 2015 “Japan and Canada in Comparative Perspective: Economics and Politics; Regions, Places and People” A Collection of Papers from an International Conference held in Tokyo, May 2015, organized jointly by the Japan Studies Association of Canada (JSAC), the Japanese Association for Canadian Studies (JACS) and the Japan-Canada Interdisciplinary Research Network on Gender, Diversity and Tohoku Reconstruction (JCIRN). Edited by David W. Edgington (University of British Columbia), Norio Ota (York University), Nobuyuki Sato (Chuo University), and Jackie F. Steele (University of Tokyo) © 2016 Japan Studies Association of Canada 1 Table of Contents List of Tables................................................................................................................................................... 3 List of Figures ................................................................................................................................................. 4 List of Contributors ...................................................................................................................................... 6 Editors’ Preface ............................................................................................................................................. 7 SECTION A: ECONOMICS AND POLITICS IN JAPAN ........................................................................... 1. Japan’s Lost Decade: A Canadian Perspective ..................................................................... 11 2. The Possibility of Reform to Japan’s Upper House Requires Amendments to the Constitution .............................................................................................................................. 24 3. State-Molded Civil Society Configuration by Political Institutions—a Comparison of Japan, the U.S.A. and China ........................................................................... 34 SECTION B: REGIONS, PLACES AND PEOPLE IN JAPAN AND CANADA ..................................... 4. Regional Revitalization as Culture, Identity and Citizenship: Promise, Peril and Shared Sacrifice for Shared Investment ........................................................................ 55 5. The Rural Idyll, Globalization and Cultural Differences Between Japanese and Canadian Residential Landscapes on the Fringe of Cities .............................................. 68 6. Commodification of Rural Spaces in British Columbia, Canada ................................... 96 7. Building Heritage Tourism and the Semiotics of Exhibition: Constructing Places and Spaces Related to Historical Dramas in Japan ............................................ 110 8. Challenging the Happiness Imperative: Preliminary Notes on Kankanmori Collective Housing Community ............................................................................................... 126 9. Welcome to the Tree House!: The Architecture of Raymond Moriyama and His Life Comparison as an Interned Japanese Canadian with Artist William Allister as a POW in Japan ......................................................................................................... 142 10. On Collaborative Ainu Research Initiatives: Needs and Challenges ....................... 152 11. Persistence of Traditional Subsistence Ideology in Nunavut Inuit Society: A Comparison of Modern Economic Activities Between Nunavut and Greenland . 169 12. Part of the Moose: Maintaining Continuity Between the Kaska and Animals Through Hunting Activity ......................................................................................................... 183 2 List of Tables Table 3.1. Details of the JIGS Data Used in this Study ..................................................................... 38 Table 3.2. Fields of Activity of CSOs by Percentage Share (top 6) ............................................. 40 Table 3.3. Policy Attention of CSOs by Percentage Share (top 10) ........................................... 41 Table 3.4. Functions of Organizations .................................................................................................. 43 Table 3.5. Levels of Activities of CSOs .................................................................................................. 45 Table 3.6. Budgets of Organizations (in 10,000 Japanese Yen) .................................................. 47 Table 3.7. Number of Members per Organization ........................................................................... 48 Table 3.8. Number of Staff per Organization ..................................................................................... 49 Table 7.1. Nine Types of Exhibition Space and Place ................................................................... 112 Table 11.1. Outline of Nunavut history .............................................................................................. 171 Table 11.2. Outline of Greenland History .......................................................................................... 172 Table 11.3. Factors Influencing Contrasting Economic Pursuits in Nunavut and Greenland ........................................................................................................................................... 176 Table 12.1. Year-round Hunting-gathering Activities .................................................................. 187 Table 12.2. Kaska Utilization and Method of Hunting Animals ................................................ 187 Return to Table of Contents 3 List of Figures Figure 3.1. The Foundation Year of CSOs, 1900-2010 ................................................................ 39 Figure 5.1. Model of the rural-urban fringe ..................................................................................... 71 Figure 5.2. The Rural-urban Fringe of Tokyo and the Location of Ushiku .......................... 72 Figure 5.3. Ushiku City—Its Landscape is Affected by the Rail Line ..................................... 73 Figure 5.4. The Jones (1988) Model of Theorizing the Cultural Landscape ....................... 74 Figure 5.5. Image of “Furusato” ............................................................................................................ 76 Figure 5.6. Dispersed Farmland and Large Lot Residences near Calgary, 2008 ............... 78 Figure 5.7. Residential Tract Housing in Ushiku, Known Collectively as a Danchi .......... 79 Figure 5.8. New Condominium Complex or Danchi Along the New Tsukuba Express Train Line ............................................................................................................................................. 80 Figure 5.9. Rural-urban Fringe in Western Tokyo—Denser Heterogeneity of Land Uses, Higher Density .................................................................................................................................... 81 Figure 5.10. Dispersed Non-farm Households ............................................................................... 82 Figure 5.11. Tract Housing Next to Grasslands and Forest Land ............................................ 83 Figure 5.12. A Clustered Farm Hamlet with Branch Houses for Offspring on the Periphery of Ushiku CityFigure ................................................................................................... 84 Figure 5.13. An Example of a Japanese kleingarten from Kasama City, Ibaraki Prefecture ............................................................................................................................................. 88 Figure 5.14. Trip Advisor Internet Page for a kleingarten......................................................... 88 Figure 5.15. Canada Home ..................................................................................................................... 89 Figure 5.16. Daizen Joinery .................................................................................................................... 89 Figure 5.17. Soon to be Estate Homes Outside of Kamloops .................................................... 90 Figure 6.1. Agricultural Regions in British Columbia ................................................................ 102 Figure 7.1. The Saka no ue no kumo Museum, Matsuyama ................................................... 113 Figure 7.2. Museum of the Meiji Restoration, Kagoshima ....................................................... 114 Figure 7.3. Ryoma’s Birthplace Memorial Museum, Kochi ...................................................... 115 Figure 7.4. Ryōmaden Bakumatsu Heroes Pavilion, Kochi...................................................... 116 Figure 7.5. Yoichi Information Centre and Nikka Whisky Factory, Yoichi ........................ 116 Figure 7.6. Himeji Kuroda Kanbee Taiga Drama Pavilion, Himeji ........................................ 117 Figure 7.7. Taiga Drama Exhibition, Aizu-Wakamatsu ............................................................. 118 Figure 7.8. Photos of Shooting Gunshi Kanbee, Engyoji Temple, Himeji ........................... 119 Return to Table of Contents 4 Figure 7.9. The Gunshi Kanbee Exhibits within Himeji Castle (2014) ................................ 121 Figure 12.1. Kaska Traditional Territory ....................................................................................... 185 Return