Project Draft EMF Report Public Disclosure Authorized Environmental Assessment and Environmental Management Framework for the state of Bihar Draft Final Report (version 2) Public Disclosure Authorized Submitted to Chief Engineer (Urban)-Cum-Member Secretary, Executive Committee, Bihar State Water and Sanitation Mission (BSWSM) (Public Health Engineering Department, Govt. of Bihar) Public Disclosure Authorized Vishveshwariya Bhawan, Bailey Road, Patna-800001 Public Disclosure Authorized Environmental Assessment and Environmental Management Framework for the state of Bihar © The Energy and Resources Institute 2013 Suggested format for citation T E R I. 2013 Inception Report for study on ‚Environmental Assessment and Environmental Management Framework for the state of Bihar‛ New Delhi: The Energy and Resources Institute. Contact Details Anshuman Associate Director (Water Resources) T E R I Tel. 2468 2100 or 2468 2111 Darbari Seth Block E-mail [email protected] IHC Complex, Lodhi Road Fax 2468 2144 or 2468 2145 New Delhi – 110 003 Web www.teriin.org India +91 • Delhi (0)11 ii Environmental Assessment and Environmental Management Framework for the state of Bihar Table of Contents Abbreviations .................................................................................................................... 1 Executive Summary ......................................................................................................... 3 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................... 15 1.1 Background ..................................................................................................................... 15 1.2 World Bank Assisted Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project ......................... 15 1.2.1 Institutional.................................................................................................................. 16 1.2.2 Sanitation and Hygiene Promotion .......................................................................... 16 1.2.3 Financing ...................................................................................................................... 16 1.2.4 Water Source Protection, Development and Management .................................. 16 1.2.5 Proposed Development Objective(s)........................................................................ 19 1.3 Scope of the Project ........................................................................................................ 19 1.4 Need for Environmental Assessment ......................................................................... 23 1.5 Objectives of Environmental Assessment .................................................................. 23 1.6 Approach and Methodology ........................................................................................ 24 1.6.1 Approach ..................................................................................................................... 24 1.6.2 Methodology ............................................................................................................... 24 1.7 Site selection.................................................................................................................... 28 1.7.1 Criteria for selecting villages for field study .......................................................... 28 1.7.2 Details of Selected villages ........................................................................................ 29 1.8 Organization of the Report ........................................................................................... 33 2. RWSS – Policy, Regulatory Framework, Missions and Programmes ................................................................................................................ 35 2.1 State RWSS Vision .......................................................................................................... 35 2.1.1 RWSS at National Context ......................................................................................... 36 2.1.2 Sector Reforms Project ............................................................................................... 37 2.1.3 Swajaladhara ............................................................................................................... 38 2.1.4 Sub – Mission Project (SMP) ..................................................................................... 39 2.1.5 Other Related Programmes ....................................................................................... 39 2.1.6 Total sanitation Campaign (TSC) ............................................................................. 41 2.1.7 Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan (NBA) ................................................................................. 42 2.2 RWSS Coverage in Bihar ............................................................................................... 44 2.2.1 Drinking Water ........................................................................................................... 44 2.2.2 Sanitation ..................................................................................................................... 46 2.3 Regulatory and Policy Framework .............................................................................. 47 iii Environmental Assessment and Environmental Management Framework for the state of Bihar 2.3.1 National Policies and Regulation ............................................................................. 47 2.3.2 National Policy Framework ...................................................................................... 49 2.3.3 Recent changes in the policy framework ................................................................. 50 2.3.4 Applicable Legal and Regulatory system................................................................ 50 2.3.5 The World Bank's environmental and social safeguard policies ......................... 54 2.4 State Sector institutions ................................................................................................. 56 2.4.1 Resolution ..................................................................................................................... 59 2.4.2 Power / Functions of the Mission ............................................................................. 59 2.4.3 The Proposed Policy .................................................................................................... 60 2.5 Converging departments .............................................................................................. 62 2.5.1 Central Ground Water Board .................................................................................... 62 2.5.2 Bihar State Pollution Control Board ......................................................................... 63 2.6 Proposed World Bank Assisted Project ...................................................................... 64 3. Baseline Environmental Status ........................................................................ 65 3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 65 3.2 Brief profile of State ....................................................................................................... 65 3.3 Geographic and Physiographic Profile ....................................................................... 66 3.3.1 Location ........................................................................................................................ 66 3.3.2 Physiography .............................................................................................................. 67 3.3.3 Geomorphology ........................................................................................................... 67 3.4 Important Population Characteristics of Bihar State ................................................ 68 3.4.1 Demographic Status ................................................................................................... 68 3.4.2 Number of Households in the State .......................................................................... 69 3.4.3 Population by Religion .............................................................................................. 70 3.4.4 Selected Health Indicators for Bihar and India ....................................................... 70 3.4.5 SC/ST Population in Bihar State ................................................................................ 71 3.5 Literacy Trend in Bihar State ........................................................................................ 74 3.6 Number of workers........................................................................................................ 74 3.6.1 Workers in Agricultural.............................................................................................. 75 3.7 Economy of Bihar State ................................................................................................. 75 3.8 Environmental Baseline of Bihar ................................................................................. 76 3.8.1 Climate ......................................................................................................................... 76 3.8.2 Rainfall .......................................................................................................................... 76 3.8.3 Agro-climatic conditions ...........................................................................................