REPORTABLE INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN MICHIGAN 2004 - 2008 Summary Division of Communicable Disease Bureau of Epidemiology Michigan Department of Community Health 201 Townsend Street CVB- 5th Floor Lansing, MI 48909 Phone: 517-335 8165 Fax: 517- 335 8263 http://www.michigan.gov/cdinfo September 2009 NOTICE As a cost-cutting measure, this document is only available in an electronic form on the Michigan Department of Community Health, Bureau of Epidemiology website. The “Reportable Infectious Diseases in Michigan 2004 – 2008 Summary” can be found at: http://www.michigan.gov/documents/mdch/2008_CDEpiProfile_314468_7.pdf The Michigan Department of Community Health would like to acknowledge Jennifer Beggs, Joel Blostein, Steve Cali, Melissa Gallego, Ed Hartwick, Patricia McKane, Muhammad Younus, and the Divisions of Communicable Disease and Immunization staff for their contributions to this summary. Page 2 of 138 TABLE OF CONTENTS Notice.............................................................................................................................................. 2 Table of Contents .......................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction................................................................................................................................... 4 Notifiable Disease Counts and Percent Change from Previous Year ...................................... 6 Table of Notifiable Conditions 2004 - 2008 ................................................................................ 7 Selected Disease Summaries....................................................................................................... 13 AMEBIASIS (AMOEBIASIS) ......................................................................................................... 14 ANTHRAX .................................................................................................................................. 18 AVIAN INFLUENZA..................................................................................................................... 20 BRUCELLOSIS............................................................................................................................. 22 CHICKENPOX (VARICELLA) ....................................................................................................... 29 CHLAMYDIA............................................................................................................................... 32 CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS .................................................................................................................. 36 DENGUE FEVER.......................................................................................................................... 40 ESCHERICHIA COLI O157: H7 (E. COLI) ..................................................................................... 44 GIARDIASIS................................................................................................................................ 48 GONORRHEA .............................................................................................................................. 52 HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE ...................................................................................................... 56 HEPATITIS A .............................................................................................................................. 60 HEPATITIS C .............................................................................................................................. 63 HIV/AIDS................................................................................................................................. 67 INFLUENZA ................................................................................................................................ 72 LEGIONELLOSIS ......................................................................................................................... 75 LISTERIOSIS ............................................................................................................................... 79 LYME DISEASE........................................................................................................................... 83 MALARIA ................................................................................................................................... 87 PERTUSSIS (WHOOPING COUGH)................................................................................................ 91 PLAGUE ..................................................................................................................................... 95 Q FEVER .................................................................................................................................... 97 RABIES..................................................................................................................................... 100 SHIGELLOSIS............................................................................................................................ 107 SMALLPOX ............................................................................................................................... 111 STREPTOCOCCAL DISEASE, INVASIVE, GROUP A (GAS).......................................................... 113 SYPHILIS .................................................................................................................................. 117 TUBERCULOSIS ........................................................................................................................ 121 VANCOMYCIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (VRSA).............................................. 126 WEST NILE VIRUS.................................................................................................................... 128 YERSINIOSIS ............................................................................................................................ 132 Appendix A................................................................................................................................ 136 GLOSSARY ............................................................................................................................... 136 Appendix B ................................................................................................................................ 138 MICHIGAN COUNTIES AND PUBLIC HEALTH PREPAREDNESS REGIONS .................................... 138 Page 3 of 138 INTRODUCTION Purpose The purpose of this report is to provide trend information for over 80 reportable diseases and pathogens in the State of Michigan between 2004 and 2008. This report includes: . Table of notifiable conditions 2004-2008 (counts and rates of yearly change) . Select notifiable condition summaries Surveillance of Communicable Diseases in Michigan Health care providers, laboratories and hospitals are required by the Michigan Complied Laws (Communicable Disease Rule, R 325.171 - 325.199) to report select infectious diseases and pathogens to health authorities. All Michigan local health departments are required to investigate cases of notifiable diseases and pathogens. Patient demographics, laboratory results and other relevant data are reported to the Michigan Department of Community Health (MDCH) through the Michigan Disease Surveillance System (MDSS). MDSS is a centralized, statewide, web-based database utilized for reporting diseases in Michigan. It can be accessed internally and remotely/on-line by authorized public health officials. Internal security measures are in place to protect patient confidentiality. MDSS allows immediate communication among public health authorities regarding communicable disease investigations. Statistical summaries and reports can be generated to assist users with evaluating public health prevention and control measures. The list of reportable diseases in Michigan is regularly revised to include emerging and reemerging conditions that require monitoring and investigation. Please refer to (http://www.michigan.gov/documents/Reportable_Disease_Chart_2005_122678_7.pdf) for a current list of reportable diseases in Michigan. Technical Notes Prompt reporting by physicians, laboratories and other health care professionals allows for timely and comprehensive investigations by local and state public health officials. Select Notifiable Condition Summaries Diseases were selected for summaries based on frequency of occurrence and their public health importance. Case definitions for each condition can be found at (http://www.cdc.gov/ncphi/disss/nndss/phs/infdis2007r.htm), unless otherwise indicated. Summaries of selected diseases include the following: . Causative agent . Clinical features . Mode of transmission . Period of communicability . Incubation period . Prevention . Demographic characteristics of reported cases between 2004 and 2008 . Graphs of case counts reported by year . Map of disease incidence by county Disease rates were calculated with population estimates (from year 2000) provided by the US Bureau of Census (http://factfinder.census.gov). Michigan population size was relatively stable from 1997 to 2006 with an estimated change in population (all ages) of 2.92%. Please refer to Page 4 of 138 (http://www.mdch.state.mi.us/pha/osr/CHI/POP/PO06TOTY.ASP) for more information regarding population estimates in Michigan. Unless otherwise noted, only confirmed