Bureau of Resource Assessment and Land Use Planning and Economic Research Bureau of the University College, Dar es Salaam 3RALUP Research Paper 11 RURAL WATER SUPPLY IIT EAST AFRICA Proceedings of the Workshop on Rural Water Supply- held at the University College, Dar es Salaam 17-19 December, 1969 Edited by Dennis Warner May, 197C I '1'UU-Lt; Ox 1 Preface ».. • • vi Programme.. •* »»..» » • ............... vii Participants. x M Part One - DISCUSSIONS • .............. • Opening Address by E. K. Lwcgarulila, Director, V/ater Development arid Irrigation Division^ Government of Tanzania '•••'...*• 1 —,, Session I I Field Research in ^ural V/ater Supply . 3 Session II : The Improvement of Health as a Function of . fl' Rural Water Supply , 91 Session III : The Technical Aspects of Providing Better • • • Water Supply .......................... lj <| Session IV : The Task of Implementation ............................ 17 Session V. : Water Supplies as a Stimulus to Community Development 21 Session VI : Planning for Rural Water Supply • 26. Session VII : Conclusions and Recommendations 32 I Part Two - PAPERS X, Field Research . •[ 1. .A. Summary of the- Tanzania Rural Water Supply Impact Study ^ / by Dennis Warner ••*• M• 2. Rural Water Development in ITorth East Uzega ^_ <-- ' by L« Berry and J. McKay £* , _ 3» Various Aspects of the Water Economics Development Field • ^ Investigations and Research Programme in Tanzania ;j by Dai"iuoz J. Stanislawski B 4« Short Description of East African Meteorological Department Programme of Development cf Network of Precipitation Stations by J. Hrbek 5. F.arm Water, Supplies in Sukumaland by T. Ilankins ».. II Health 6. Insects of Medical and Veterinary Importance That are Associated with Water and Some Asoccts of Water Management Relevant to m . Control ... " • M by Graham Ji. '.Yhite ^ m Example by Joachim Kreysler 82 8. Water Quality Standards in Tanzania ; by P. J. Madati 88 9. '7atex Resources and Bilharaiasic Transmission in the MisungweJLrea, Mwanza District, North-West Tanzania by P. S, ivicCullough, V. M. Eyakuze, J. Msinde, and H. Nditi 97 10. Teaching of Better Water Suppliec to Medical Auxiliaries by Vincent van Amelsvoort ............ 115 11. The Use of Molluscicidcs to Control Bilharzia on an Irrigated Sugar Estate and the Evaluation of Control Using Diagnostic Methods on the Local Population by Alan Fenwiclc ..; 114 12. -Mass Treatment of Urinary Sohistosomiasis with Anbilhar Among the \7aiabugwe of Hanang District - Northern Tanzania - " A1 Preliminary Report by M. A. 0. Kipuyo 116 III Technical Aspects 13. Butyl Bubber Sheeting in Water Conservation and Storage • •-••-•• by paui y. Barker 122 -j; 14. The Shinyanga lift Pump by George Cotter . c 125 15. Inertia Hand-Pump by R. V/. Dawson 134 16. Polythene Pipe Chart for Rural Water Supply by Dennis Warner 137 17. A Preliminary Field Study of the Standard Domestic Point and Long Cattle Trough in Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania • by M. A. Crawford 143 IV Iiapl ementation 18. The Development of the WHO/UKICEF Assisted Eural V.'ater Supply Progrojnme in Kenya - by B.Z. Diatn^nt * 147 19. Community Development Trust Fund of Tanzania Village Water Wells Programme by Llarion, Lady Chcsham .*••»,,-, 157 20. Water Supplies of Xibaha Villages of Coast Region Tanzania i by H. A. Mbelvva 160 i i 82 88 7 Community Development 21. The Ndoleleji Water Development Scheme f by Franz van. de laak 165 .. 97 22. Rural Water Supplies and the Ujamaa Village Programme • by Anthony 0, Ellman 171 ,. 113 VI Planning 23• Rural Water Supply Development in Kenya ~ .. 114 Its Role in Development /by Andries KLaase-Bos ..«.. «• 173 24. Rural Water Supply in Kenya ' : by Pravinchandra J. Shah 179 ,. 116 25. Data Requirements for Programme end Proj ect Appraisal . by Ian D. Carruthers 185 .. 122 .. 125 .. 134 . 137 .. 143 ... 147 ... 157 ... 160 This report contains the proceedings of the V/orkshop on Rural Water Supply, which v/as held at the University College of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 10: on the 17th through 19th December, 1969. Included herein are the summaries of the meetings, as well as all of the papers which were prepared for the I Workshop. The objectives of the Workshop were: 1 (1) to acquaint the participants with the various existing programmes of research and implementation on rural water supplies in East. Africa; : 10:1 I (2) to identify common problems faced by the participants; I (3) to compare ideas and experiences dealing with these problems; and (4) to set out the major issues for deliberation at the 1970 East I African Conference on Rural Water Supply. A total- of- 43 participants representing 30 different organisations took part in the Workshop. Included in this list were representatives from the Governments of Tanzania and Kenya, all three member colleges of the I University of East Africa located in Dar es Salaam, Nairobi, and Kampala, agencies of the East African Community, the United nations, religious organi- sations, and commercial firms. The Workshop was sponsored jointly by the I Economic Research Bureau and the Bureau of Resource Assessment and land Use Planning of the University College of Dar es Salaan. Financial assistanoe provided by the Ford Foundation helped to defray most of the local expenses I of holding the meeting. As indicated by the fourth of the objectives above, this Workshop was considered to be an essential preliminary to the ll'ast African Conference on I Rural Water Supply scheduled to be held in late 1970. That this objective, as well as the other three objectives, was achieved is ar.ply demonstrated I by the proceedings presented in this report. Of particular significance are I I the fourteen recommendations related to future water supply policy and 12:30 implamentation in East Africa. These recommendations are the result of the combined efforts of trie Workshop participants, whose professional backgrounds 2:00 and practical knowledge cover a wide range of rural water supply related I activities. This v/as the first time that a meeting of experts from such widely differing disciplines had gathered to discuss the problems cf rural water supply in East Africa. Because of the great importance of this I subject to the future development of East Africa, this report has been produced in the hope that it will contribute to the welfare cf the people I living there. II ITote: All monetary values referred to ±11 this report are given in East African shillings or Kenyan pounds, whereby EA Shs 20 = 1 K£ = US $2.80 iI shillings 23/3d Sterling. I i Wednesday, 17th December; 1969 Water Tanzania, 10:00 - 10:15 am summaries 1 for the Introduction: Dr. I. IT, Kimambo, Acting Principal, University College; Dar es Salaam, Tanzania* Opening Address: Mr. F. K. Lvvegarulila, Director, Water Development I • and Irrigation Division, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Co-oporatives; Dar es Salacm, Icuzania. East. I 10:15 am - 12:15 pm Topic: .Field Research in Rural Water Supply I ;ns j and Chairman: Mr. Ian Livingstone, Director, Economic Research Bureau, University College; Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. last I Panelists: Mr. Dennis Warner, Economic Research Bureau, University College; Dar es Salaan, Tanzania, ions I .ves fron Mr. John McKay, Bureau of Resource Assessment and Land• 'the Use Planning, University College; Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. zapala, us organi- Mr. Dariusz Stanislav/ski,.~Field- Investigations and Research I by the Unit, Water Development and Irrigation Division, Ministry Land Use of Agriculture, Pood and Co-operatives; Morogoro, Tanzania. istanoe I -ixpensee Questions for Discussion: 1, What type of rural water supply research is needed for .lop was East Africa? 1 rence on .^ective, 2. To what degree should social* economic and technical trated factors contribute to research on rural water supplies? I :ance are md 12:30 Lunch : of the :ckgrounds 2:00 - 3:30 pm I .ated such Topic: The Improvement of Health as a Function of Rural Water Supply " rural I Chairman: Dr. Vincent van Amelsvoort, Bast African Insitute for en Medical Research; Mwanza, Tanzania. ecple 1 Panelists: Dr. Grahan White, East African Institute. of Ivialaria and Vector-Borne Diseases; Amani, Tanga, Tanzania. Dr... Joachim Kreysler, Medical Director, Max Planck Nutrition 1 Research Unit; Bumbuli, fioni, Tanzania. Mr. P. J. Hadati, Principal Chaiiist, Ministry of Health I and Social Welfare; Dar es Salaan, Tanzania. Dr. Fergus McCullough, V/HO/Tsnaania Bilharsiasis Pilot ist Control and Training Project; L-iwansa, Tanzania. I .80 Questions for Discussion: 1 1. 'is it possible to determine changes in public health as a result of an improved rural water supply? 2. Does East Africa need a special set of water quality standards for judging the- suitability of its rural 1 water supplies? I i Topic: 1'he Technical Aspects of Providing Better V/iter SupDly Chairman: Mr. Duane Eriksnoen, Production .'Division, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Co-operatives; Dar'es Salaam, Tanzania Panelists: Mr. Paul Barker, Kenya Farmers' Association (Co-op) Ltd; Nakuru, Kenya. Mr. Derek Broadhurst, J; S. Davis & Co. Ltd.; Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Eev, George Cotter, M. M., Buhangija Mission; Shinyanga, Tanzania. Questions for Discussion: ....-• - 1. What types of technical innovations would best promote rural water supply development in East Africa? 2. What types of technical manpower are most needed for •"•'• • rural water supply development in East Africa? Thursday, 18th December, 1969 8:30 - 10:15 am ; Topic: The 'Task of Implementation Chairman: Mr. M. A. Viitasaari, Water Development and Irrigation . • Division, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Co-operatives; : Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. —.; Panelists: Mr. B. Z. Diamant, World Health Organisation; Nairobi, Kenya. Marion, Lady Chesham, M.P., Executive Director, Community Development Trust Fund; Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Mr. H. A. Mbelwa, Kibaha Health Centre, Nordic Tanganyika Project} Kibaha, Tanzania. Questions for Discussion: 1. .What role should non-Govexrmental organisations play in promoting, the development of rural water supplies? 2.