CO-OCCURRENCE OF AFLATOXIN B1, FUMONISIN B1, OCHRATOXIN A AND ZEARALENONE IN CEREALS AND PEANUTS IN COTE D’IVOIRE Béatrice Sangare-Tigori, Serge Moukha, James Kouadio, Anne-Marie Betbeder, Sébastien Dano, Edmond E Creppy To cite this version: Béatrice Sangare-Tigori, Serge Moukha, James Kouadio, Anne-Marie Betbeder, Sébastien Dano, et al.. CO-OCCURRENCE OF AFLATOXIN B1, FUMONISIN B1, OCHRATOXIN A AND ZEAR- ALENONE IN CEREALS AND PEANUTS IN COTE D’IVOIRE. Food Additives and Contaminants, 2006, 23 (10), pp.1000-1007. 10.1080/02652030500415686. hal-00577568 HAL Id: hal-00577568 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00577568 Submitted on 17 Mar 2011 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. 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Food Additives and Contaminants For Peer Review Only CO-OCCURRENCE OF AFLATOXIN B1, FUMONISIN B1, OCHRATOXIN A AND ZEARALENONE IN CEREALS AND PEANUTS IN COTE D'IVOIRE Journal: Food Additives and Contaminants Manuscript ID: TFAC-2005-252.R1 Manuscript Type: Original Research Paper Date Submitted by the 11-Oct-2005 Author: Complete List of Authors: SANGARE-TIGORI, Béatrice; University of Bordeaux 2, Toxicology MOUKHA, Serge; INRA, MycSA KOUADIO, James; University of Bordeaux 2, Toxicology BETBEDER, Anne-Marie; University of Bordeaux 2, Toxicology DANO, Sébastien; University of Abidjan Cocody, Toxicology CREPPY, Edmond; University Bordeaux 2, Toxicology Survey, Chromatography - HPLC, Clean-up - affinity columns, Methods/Techniques: Immunoassays Mycotoxins, Aflatoxins, Mycotoxins – ochratoxin A, Mycotoxins - Additives/Contaminants: fusarium Food Types: Peanuts, Rice, Cereals and grain http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/tfac Email: [email protected] Page 1 of 27 Food Additives and Contaminants 1 2 3 Table 1: Different mycotoxins assayed and detected in the same commodities in Côte d’Ivoire 4 5 6 Mycotoxins Food samples 7 Maize Rice Peanuts 8 Aflatoxin B1 n=10 n=10 n=10 9 (g/kg) <1.5-20 <1.5-10 1.5-10 10 11 Range (positive %) (100%) (100%) (100%) 12 13 14 Fumonisin B1 n=10 Not detected n=10 15 (mg/kg) 0.3-1.5 <0.3-6 16 Range (positiveFor %) Peer(100%) Review Only (70%) 17 18 19 Ochratoxin A n=10 n=10 n=10 20 (g/kg) 0.16-0.86 0.16-0.92 0.0-0.64 21 Range (positive %) (100%) (100%) (60%) 22 23 24 Zearalenone n=10 n=10 n=10 25 (g/kg) 20-50 50-200 50-200 26 27 Range (positive %) (100%) (100%) (100%) 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/tfac Email: [email protected] Food Additives and Contaminants Page 2 of 27 1 2 3 Table 2: Concentrations of aflatoxin B1, fumonisin B1, ochratoxin A and zearalenone 4 5 detected in maize samples, (n=10) 6 7 Mycotoxins Maize samples 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 9 Aflatoxin 1.5 <1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 <1.5 5 5 1.5 20 10 11 B1 (µg/kg) 12 Fumonisin 1.5 0.3 0.3 1.5 1.5 0.3 0.3 1.5 0.3 1.5 13 B1 (mg/kg) 14 Ochratoxin 0.67 0.29 0.14 0.39 0.15 0.8 6 0.50 0.32 0.09 0.23 15 A (µg/kg) 16 For Peer Review Only 17 Zearalenone 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 18 (µg/kg) 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/tfac Email: [email protected] Page 3 of 27 Food Additives and Contaminants 1 2 3 Table 3: Concentrations of aflatoxin B1, fumonisin B1, ochratoxin A and zearalenone 4 5 detected in rice samples, (n=10) 6 7 Mycotoxins Rice samples 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 9 Aflatoxin 1.5 1.5 5 10 1.5 10 1.5 5 <1.5 <1.5 10 11 B1, (µg/kg) 12 Fumonisin Not detec ted 13 B1, (mg/kg) 14 Ochratoxin 0.91 0.68 0.53 0.20 0.92 0.16 0.50 0.20 0.9 0.16 15 A (µg/kg) 16 For Peer Review Only 17 Zearalenone, 50 50 200 50 50 200 50 50 50 50 18 (µg/kg) 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/tfac Email: [email protected] Food Additives and Contaminants Page 4 of 27 1 2 3 Table 4: Concentrations of aflatoxin B1, fumonisin B1, ochratoxin A and zearalenone 4 5 detected in peanuts samples, (n=10) , nd= not detected 6 7 Mycotoxins Peanuts samples 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 9 Aflatoxin 1.5 5 5 5 5 1.5 5 5 5 10 10 11 B1, (µg/kg) 12 Fumonisin <0.3 <0.3 <0.3 <0.3 6 6 3 nd nd nd 13 B1, (mg/ kg) 14 Ochratoxin 0.26 0.56 0.20 nd nd nd nd 0.64 0.25 0.33 15 A (µg/kg) 16 For Peer Review Only 17 Zearalenone, 50 50 200 50 50 200 50 50 50 200 18 (µg/kg) 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/tfac Email: [email protected] Page 5 of 27 Food Additives and Contaminants 1 2 3 CO -OCCURRENCE OF AFLATOXIN B 1, FUMONISIN B 1, OCHRATOXIN A AND 4 5 ZEARALENONE IN CEREALS AND PEANUTS IN COTE D’IVOIRE 6 7 8 1,2 1,3 1 9 SANGARE -TIGORI, Béatrice , MOUKHA, Serge , KOUADIO, H.James , BETBEDER, 10 1 Anne-Marie, DANO, Djédjé Sébastien,2 CREPPY, E. Edmond1* 11 12 13 14 1 De pt of Toxicology, University of Bordeaux 2, 146, rue Léo -Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, 15 16 France For Peer Review Only 17 2 18 UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques d'Abidjan,University of Cocody, BPV34 19 Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire. 20 21 3 INRA -MycSA, P.B. 81, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France . 22 23 24 25 26 *Corresponding author: Prof. E.E.CREPPY, Dept of Toxicology, University of Bordeaux 2, 27 28 146, rue Léo -Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France. E-mail: [email protected] 2.fr. 29 30 31 Abstract: 32 33 34 35 The present survey examined 30 samples of rice (n=10), maize (n= 10) and peanuts (n=10) 36 from Côte d’Ivoire for aflatoxin B , fumonisin B and zearalenone using immunoassays, and 37 1 1 38 ochratoxin A using a validated HPLC method with fluorescence detection. Similarly to some 39 40 other countries it appeared that in Côte d’Ivoire sev eral mycotoxins are present in the same 41 42 commodities. These mycotoxins are from different structural families: aflatoxin B 1, fumonisin 43 44 B1, zearalenone, and ochratoxin A. There are normally produced by fungal species from 45 Aspergillus, Penicilium and Fusarium genera. Some samples contained four mycotoxins 46 47 (86%). Four peanuts samples did not show ochratoxin A (14%) whereas they contained 48 49 aflatoxin B 1 concentrations, above the EU regulatory limits. The concentrations of ochratoxin 50 51 A, zearalenone and fumonisin B 1 were low and may not cause problem per se however fears 52 remain that the tolerable daily intake might be exceeded due to eating habits and that 53 54 synergistic effects might be important with the combination of several mycotoxins. 55 56 Investigations in this direc tion are underway together with isolation and characterization of 57 58 fungal species involved. 59 60 1 http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/tfac Email: [email protected] Food Additives and Contaminants Page 6 of 27 1 2 3 Keywords: aflatoxin B 1, fumonisin B1, zearalenone, ochratoxin A, co -occurrence, Côte 4 5 d’Ivoire. 6 7 8 9 Introduction 10 11 12 The European Union (EU) has established regulatory limits for mycotoxins in crops and 13 14 foodstuffs, (EU Commission Directive, 2005) this implies that crops exported from any 15 16 country to EuropeFor have toPeer be analysed forReview mycotoxins. In Côte Only d’Ivoire, a preliminary survey 17 18 19 conducted by us showed the presence of ochratoxin A in maize, millet rice and peanuts 20 21 (Sangare -Tigori et al., 2005). Other authors have found aflatoxins in several foods samples, 22 23 IARC, 1993; Creppy, 2002a). The question was then; do we have multi -mycotoxin 24 25 26 contamination in Côte d’Ivoire? The pres ent study aimed to determine the presence and levels 27 28 of ochratoxin A, aflatoxins, fumonisins and zearalenone in cereals (maize and rice) and 29 30 31 peanuts in order to give an answer to the above question.