Lloyd’s Register Technical news and information for the marine industry Horizons June 2004 Issue 8 Welcome to the eighth issue of Lloyd’s Register’s marine-focused technical publication, Horizons. The international shipping industry will soon descend on Piraeus to attend the 19th Posidonia exhibition. The Greek maritime fraternity remains a strong and vital one at a time of great change. New legislation continues to impact the industry and, most especially, those workhorses of the sea, tankers and bulk carriers, both ship types which are particularly well represented in Greece. The International Maritime Organization recently met to decide the fate of bulk carriers, and Lloyd’s Register, the American Bureau of Shipping and Det Norske Veritas are on the verge of launching the IACS Joint Tanker Project (JTP), a set of common Rules for tankers of 150 metres and above which will change not only the way that these ships are built but also potentially the role of class. JTP is an unparalleled achievement which will raise standards for new construction and eliminate competition on scantlings. Lloyd’s Register looks forward to working with shipowners, operators and managers and shipyards, as well as legislative bodies, to help to ensure the swift and smooth implementation of these new Rules. We are ready to discuss this or any other issue which impacts your business; contact us or visit our stand at Posidonia, where you are sure to receive a warm welcome. Alan Gavin Marine Director 2 JTP implementation 8 Ice-class tankers 10 P&O Princess Cruise 16 On the Horizon 4 The maintenance in Korea reconstruction – the latest news and operation of I to 12 FOBAS in industry Exhibitions and double-hull tankers VIII Shipbuilding in study technical papers 6 Guidance on CAS China supplement 14 Learning from the ISPS Code JTP implementation Lloyd’s Register helps owners and yards to implement common tanker Rules The IACS Joint Tanker Project team of Lloyd’s Register, ABS and DNV is set to deliver on schedule a complete set of new Rules for oil tankers of length greater than or equal to 150 metres on January 1, 2005 and will shortly be delivering the draft set of Rules to the industry for review and comment. Lloyd’s Register has put into place the knowledge and the processes that will enable it to help shipowners and builders to implement the new Rules. The Joint Tanker Project (JTP) The JTP Rules will be reviewed by JTP will deliver to the industry a new has proved to be a major the other members of the set of classification Rules which undertaking. All sections of the International Association of incorporate a new underlying JTP Rules have been developed, Classification Societies (IACS) and, philosophy of transparency drafted, calibrated and tested in following a process of technical and ease of application. The joint working groups, comprised harmonisation with the Joint Bulker presentation of the Rules is now of staff from Lloyd’s Register, Project, will form a key part of the to be based throughout on a net the American Bureau of Shipping IACS Common Rules Programme. scantling approach and will provide (ABS) and Det Norske Veritas greater transparency by clearly (DNV). The principal of joint Over 50 technical staff have been demonstrating the link between working has been paramount, actively involved in JTP, and a total structural capability and loads with full and open sharing of of around $15 million has been applied. The Rules will also provide expertise, experience and spent by the three societies. a direct link between newbuilding technology. This fully integrated Continuous industry input has been requirements and the minimum approach has been a major shift provided by an external review thickness requirements in operation, in culture in each society, but the group, comprised of shipyard which will allow the operator to result has been an outstanding personnel, tanker operators and determine maintenance requirements success. independent consultants. more easily. The net scantlings are now derived from an assessment of global and local strength criteria. A corrosion margin – a wastage thickness plus a minimum corrosion allowance – is then added to arrive at the gross scantlings. To make the design more durable, a 25-year design life has been assumed, and the loads applied are derived from a North Atlantic trading environment. Direct calculation methods have been harmonised between the three classification societies, such that the same finite element modelling and loads are used and the same techniques applied for fatigue and buckling assessment. The Rules will be applied identically by each society so that competition on scantlings is eliminated. 2 Horizons • June 2004 s and yards to t common tanker Rules The Rules will ensure greater “We recognise that industry, both “Lloyd’s Register is well robustness and durability, paying shipbuilders and shipowners, are particular attention to corrosion faced with an unfamiliar set of prepared to deliver high margins and fatigue. With proper, Rules and that they will need to quality advice on the design effective maintenance and good understand the impact on their operational practices, the Rules business,” says Vaughan Pomeroy, of oil tankers to meet the will provide an owner with a Lloyd’s Register’s Head of Research new Rule requirements.” tanker that has a longer effective and Development. “Lloyd’s life before steel renewal or repair Register is well prepared, through Vaughan Pomeroy, Lloyd’s Register’s are required and the potential for a investment in training and active Head of Research and Development greater residual value. involvement in the essential testing The benefits extend to the and calibration programme, to shipbuilder who will no longer deliver high quality advice on the The courses cover issues such as the have to deal with several Rule sets. design of oil tankers to meet the technical background to the Rules, new Rule requirements.” prescriptive Rules and simplified Work continues fatigue and direct calculations. They Lloyd’s Register is currently The complete new Rule set, together include application of the Rules as working with ABS and DNV on a with documents setting out in well as the software tools used to major programme of testing and detail the technical background expedite the process. The internal calibration to ensure that the new and the consequences of education process will help to Rules are consistent, coherent and implementation, will be available ensure that Lloyd’s Register is best credible. Lloyd’s Register has to industry and the technical able to help its clients to understand evaluated a large number of tanker committees of Lloyd’s Register and to implement the new Rules. designs using the new Rules, using in mid-June 2004. Full consultation experienced plan approval staff, with industry remains a key element To help the industry to arrive at a and this work continues with of the development process. fuller understanding of the basis of various leading tanker builders on the new Rules, Lloyd’s Register will a range of standard designs. As a Internal and external training be delivering a series of technical result, a comprehensive As well as establishing an expert seminars for shipbuilders and understanding of the implications network to enable designers and shipowners in different parts of the of the new Rules on the scantlings builders to get to grips with the world over the coming months. of typical oil tanker configurations detail of the application of the new has been gained, and Lloyd’s Rules, and their effects, Lloyd’s Register’s staff in its plan approval Register has invested in creating centres have acquired expertise in training courses for owners and A frequently asked questions web page the application of the new Rules. builders and in training key staff for the new tanker Rules can be found at: This transfer of knowledge and in its local offices so that they can www.lr.org/newtankerrules understanding from the Rule provide clients with face-to-face development team to the front line advice and guidance. The training staff to form a team of experts in courses have been compiled by For further information contact the key tanker building countries, subject experts and have benefited Graham Marshall, Manager of who deliver advice and service to from the input of Lloyd’s Register’s Common Tanker Rules clients, is a critical element of plan approval staff involved in Implementation Lloyd’s Register’s implementation the extended testing of the Rules of JTP. and their application to the many Email: [email protected] different standard oil tanker Tel: +44 (0) 20 7423 1535 designs which currently exist Fax: +44 (0) 20 7423 2213 in the shipbuilding industry. Horizons • June 2004 3 Double-hull tankers A decade of double-hull tankers The industry has now had just over a decade of experience with double-hull tankers, with the shift to an entirely double-hull fleet due to take place within the next 10 years. A study conducted by Lloyd’s Register shows that while some technical problems remain, their solutions are becoming clearer. While most participants in the Hull structure Mechanical loading was the primary single-hull versus double-hull Lloyd’s Register’s database on cause of damage for all tanker sizes debate accept that a second hull is damage to tanker structures was with the exception of aframaxes, most not a panacea, it is acknowledged analysed over a ten-year period and commonly manifesting itself as side or that it is an acceptable and cost- partitioned according to tanker size bottom shell or longitudinal or effective way of preventing oil spills as follows: transverse bulkhead distortion. in certain types of tanker incidents, For the most part, when fractures or such as low energy groundings or • product tankers – 5,000 to cracking occurred, they originated collisions.