A picture of the National Audit Office logo Report by the Comptroller and Auditor General Department for Work & Pensions Supporting disabled people to work HC 1991 SESSION 2017–2019 28 MARCH 2019 Our vision is to help the nation spend wisely. Our public audit perspective helps Parliament hold government to account and improve public services. The National Audit Office scrutinises public spending for Parliament and is independent of government. The Comptroller and Auditor General (C&AG), Sir Amyas Morse KCB, is an Officer of the House of Commons and leads the NAO. The C&AG certifies the accounts of all government departments and many other public sector bodies. He has statutory authority to examine and report to Parliament on whether departments and the bodies they fund, nationally and locally, have used their resources efficiently, effectively, and with economy. 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Department for Work & Pensions Supporting disabled people to work Report by the Comptroller and Auditor General Ordered by the House of Commons to be printed on 26 March 2019 This report has been prepared under Section 6 of the National Audit Act 1983 for presentation to the House of Commons in accordance with Section 9 of the Act Sir Amyas Morse KCB Comptroller and Auditor General National Audit Office 25 March 2019 HC 1991 | £10.00 This report is about the Department for Work & Pensions’ support to help disabled people overcome barriers to work. This includes people whose long-term health problems have an effect on their ability to get or keep jobs. © National Audit Office 2019 The material featured in this document is subject to National Audit Office (NAO) copyright. The material may be copied or reproduced for non-commercial purposes only, namely reproduction for research, private study or for limited internal circulation within an organisation for the purpose of review. 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The National Audit Office is not responsible for the future validity of the links. 006343 03/19 NAO Contents Key facts 4 Summary 5 Part One The government’s strategy for supporting disabled people to work 13 Part Two The Department’s programmes for supporting disabled people to work 24 Part Three Jobcentre support for disabled people 42 Appendix One Our audit approach 51 Appendix Two The National Audit Office study team Our evidence base 53 consisted of: Chris Battersby, David Betteley, Appendix Three Josie Kendall-Reed, Colm Molloy Analysis of the Department’s and Andy Nichols, assisted by employment support 57 Marc Adams, Jennifer Bayliss, Sarah Dixon, Jamie Kendrick, Appendix Four Thomas Newman and Implications of the Department’s Tom Tyson, under the direction management environment 61 of Joshua Reddaway. This report can be found on the National Audit Office website at www.nao.org.uk For further information about the National Audit Office please contact: National Audit Office Press Office 157–197 Buckingham Palace Road Victoria London SW1W 9SP Tel: 020 7798 7400 Enquiries: www.nao.org.uk/contact-us Website: www.nao.org.uk Twitter: @NAOorguk If you are reading this document with a screen reader you may wish to use the bookmarks option to navigate through the parts. 4 Key facts Supporting disabled people to work Key facts 7.6m 1m 930,000 disabled people of working increase in the number increase in the number age (16-64) in the UK in the of disabled people the of disabled people in fi nal quarter of 2018 government wants to see employment over the fi ve in employment by 2027, years from 2013 to 2018 compared to 2017 30 percentage is the disability employment ‘gap’ between the employment rate points for disabled people (51.5%) and non-disabled people (81.7%) in the fi nal quarter of 2018 Around people claiming out-of-work incapacity benefi ts or Universal 2.4 million Credit equivalents as at May 2018 At least 600,000 people claiming Employment and Support Allowance or Universal Credit equivalents, or those claiming Jobseeker’s Allowance with a self-reported disability, that the Department expects to seek work or undertake work-related activity as at May 2018 £386 million is the amount the Department spent on employment support programmes and jobcentre-based support for disabled people in 2017-18 Around is the amount spent on working-age incapacity benefi ts in 2017-18 £15 billion Supporting disabled people to work Summary 5 Summary 1 Some 7.6 million working-age people in the UK identify as disabled. Although the number of disabled people who are employed is rising, disability and long-term health problems continue to be associated with greater poverty, lower educational attainment and reduced access to work. Only 51.5% of disabled people are in work, compared with around 81.7% of non-disabled people. Some disabled people – including those with some mental health conditions and learning disabilities – are even less likely to be in work. 2 This report evaluates the government’s progress in reducing the disadvantages that disabled people and people with health problems face in getting and keeping jobs. The government believes people who want to work should be supported to do so. It also recognises that some disabled people are less likely to be able to work and that it would not be appropriate to expect everyone who is found less fit for work to seek employment. 3 In 2017, the government set a goal to see 1 million more disabled people in work in the 10 years to 2027. The Department for Work & Pensions (the Department) and the Department of Health & Social Care also produced a command paper, Improving Lives, to support this. This set out activity across health, welfare, employment and wider partnership settings. The government considers that helping people into work will benefit them through increased income, better life chances and better health, and that this will save public money. It estimates that a 1% fall in the incapacity benefits caseload would save £240 million a year. It advocates the ‘social model’ of disability, which views disability in terms of the social barriers that create disadvantage for disabled people, rather than the underlying condition. It views its role as working with disabled people, employers, service providers and others to overcome those barriers. 4 This report is about the Department’s support to help disabled people overcome barriers to work. We use the term ‘disabled people’ to mean people whose disability or long-term health problems have an effect on their ability to get or keep jobs. 5 The Department has two key roles: • assessing disabled people’s entitlement to both work-related and disability-related benefits and administering benefits accurately to ensure people receive the benefits to which they are entitled; and • providing employment support, through coaching and training provided directly through its network of jobcentres and through external providers; making grants to help people stay in work; and encouraging employers to be more confident about employing disabled people. It spent £386 million on this in 2017-18. 6 Summary Supporting disabled people to work 6 This report focuses on the Department’s employment support role. It examines the Department’s: • strategy, working across government, for supporting disabled people to work, and what is currently being achieved (Part One); • employment support programmes for disabled people and its approach to developing the evidence base (Part Two); and • efforts to improve the way it engages with disabled people in jobcentres (Part Three). 7 We do not cover how disabled people access, or are incentivised to work by, the benefit system. We published our latest report on contracted-out health and disability assessments in January 2016. Our methodology is set out in Appendices One and Two. Key findings On what government is currently achieving 8 The government’s goal of 1 million more disabled people in work from 2017 to 2027 cannot be used to measure the success of its efforts. The number of disabled people in employment, based on the Office for National Statistics’ Labour Force Survey, rose by 930,000 in the five years to 2018. The Department acknowledges that the increase cannot be attributed directly to any particular cause, including its policies or programmes, but believes sustaining this rate of increase would require government to do a lot more. The evidence indicates that broader factors, such as more people reporting a disability, have a substantial effect on this measure, alongside high and rising overall employment levels.