CONVERSATION IMPLICATURES IN HARRY POTTER AND THE DEATHLY HALLOWS PART I AND II MOVIE TRANSCRIPTION : A Discourse Analysis with Pragmatics as an Approach A Thesis Submitted to Adab and Humanities Faculty in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Strata One (S1) M. SYAIFUL BAHRI 109026000137 ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT ADAB AND HUMANITY FACULTY STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 2015 ABSTRACT Muhamad Syaiful Bahri, CONVERSATION IMPLICATURES IN HARRY POTTER AND THE DEATHLY HALLOWS PART I AND II MOVIE TRANSCRIPTION : A Discourse Analysis with Pragmatics as an Approach. A Thesis: English Letters Department, Adab and Humanities Faculty, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta, Desember 2014. The objectives of the study are to find out what are the maxim that violated and to find out how are the Implicatures generated in the dialogues. In this research, the writer uses qualitative case study. The writer concerns with Implicature study. These implicatures are used in the dialogues of Harry Potter and The Deathly Hallows Part I and II film. The collects the data of this research uses bibliography technique. Written sources are chosen which describe synchronic language used, and analyzing them based on the theories of Implicature which are proposed by Grice. According to the result of research findings, all of them are Implicatures, because in all data was violated the maxim their utterances: the types of maxim that are violated are all Quantity ( 5 data ) by using of the Grice theory "Cooperative Principle". i ii iii DECLARATION I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of the university or other institute of higher learning, except where due acknowledgement has been made in text. Jakarta, December 9rd 2014 Muhamad Syaiful Bahri iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT All praises be to Allah SWT, the Lord of Universe, who amazingly guides the writer in the process of making this Thesis. Peace and blessing be upon the prophet Muhammad SAW, his family, companions and adherents, who had changed the world from the darkness into the lightness. On this occasion, the writer would like to say his greatest and deepest gratitude to his beloved mother: Umi Kulsum Kaepah, who has kept, taught, advised and prayed for his success. The writer also would like to give his greatest gratitude to Drs. Abdul Hamid, M.Ed as his advisor for his time, guidance, suggestion, kindness, and patience in correcting and helping him in finishing his thesis. Furthermore, the writer would like to express his gratitudes to: 1. Prof. DR. Oman Faturrahman, M.Hum, the Dean of Letters and Humanities Faculty, State Islamic University of Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 2. Drs. Saefudin, M.Pd, the Head of English Letters Department and Elve Oktafiyani, M.Hum, the Secretary of English Letters Department. 3. All the lecturers of English Letters Department, who have dedicated to educate and teach the writer as long as his study in State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. v 4. The librarians of Syarif Hidayatullah Islamic State University library and Atmajaya library, who help the writer in finding the references. 5. Thanks to My Brother Badri Dudja, Deden Nur Iskandar, Fauzan, Rahmatullah Umar, M. Chairul Anam who always keep my spirit to be graduated from Campus. 6. Student Executive Board of English Letters, “Always Be For Brotherhood.” 7. All friends and relatives that are not mentioned one by one. May Allah SWT always bless and protect them all. Finally, may this thesis will be advantageous for the writer in particular and for the readers in general. The writer realizes that the thesis is still far from being perfect. Therefore, the writer would like to accept critics and suggestion to make it better. rd Jakarta, December 9 2014 The Writer vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................... i APPROVEMENT ............................................................................................. ii LEGALIZATION ............................................................................................ iii DECLARATION .............................................................................................. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................ v TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................. vii LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................ ix LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................... x CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ................................................................. 1 A. Background of Study ......................................................... 1 B. Focus of Study .................................................................. 3 C. Research Question ............................................................. 4 D. Objective of the Research ................................................. 4 E. Significant of the Reasearch ............................................. 4 F. Research Methodology ..................................................... 5 1. The Mehod of Research ................................................ 5 2. The Technique of Data Collecting and Data Analysis . 5 3. Instrument of the Reaearch .......................................... 6 4. Unit Analysis ................................................................. 6 CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ..................................... 7 A. Discorse Analysis .............................................................. 7 B. Pragmatics .......................................................................... 8 C. Implicatures ....................................................................... 10 1. Definition....... .............................................................. 10 2. Types of Implicature ................................................... 12 a. Coversational Implicature ..................................... 13 1. Definition ....................................................... 13 2. Types of Conversational Implicature ............. 15 3. Properties of Conversational Implicature ...... 17 vii b. Conventional Implicature ....................................... 20 1. Definition ....................................................... 20 2. Properties of Conventional Implicature ......... 20 CHAPTER III RESEARCH FINDINGS ..................................................... 24 A. Data Description ................................................................ 24 B. Data Analysis ..................................................................... 25 CHAPTER IV CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ........................... 33 A. Conclusions ........................................................................ 33 B. Suggestions ........................................................................ 34 BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................. 35 APPENDIXES ................................................................................................... 37 viii LIST OF TABLES Table 1 : Corpus From Harry Potter and The Deathly Hallows Part I .................................................................................. 25 Table 2 : Corpus From Harry Potter and The Deathly Hallows Part II .................................................................................. 25 ix LIST OF FIGURES Figures 1 : Two distinct kinds of meaning by Grundy ..................................... 18 x CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of Study Language is an arbitrary sound symbol used by human being for cooperation, communication and identification of himself.1 It means that language is the tool to communicate as a necessity of a human. Human cannot express what they feel and what they want in mind without language. By language, people describe what is in their mind. And also by language, they transform the information, or called as communication. Humans are continually creating new expressions and novel utterances by manipulating their linguistic resources to describe new objects and situations. This property is described as productivity (or’creaticity’ or ‘open-endedness’) and it is linked to the fact that the potential number of utterances in any human language is infinite.2 And, today in many language researches with linguistic background like phonology, morphology, syntax and so on, the most interested one in doing the research is by studying the language as its function, comunicative function. Because people use language to interact each other. It is called pragmatic: how the 3 the language is used in communication. 1 Harimurti Kridalaksana, “Bahasa dan Linguistik” in Kushartanti, et al., Pesona Bahasa (Jakarta: PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2005), p.3. 2 George Yule, The Study of Language 3th Edition, (Cambridge University Press. 2006), p. 10. 3 Geoffrey Leech, Principles of Pragmatics. (United State of America: Longman, 1983), p. 1 1 2 Conversation analysis approach is included in pragmatics. Pragmatics is a branch of linguistics which studies about language structure as a communication tool between listener and