POST-COLONIAL OUTCOMES IN FOOTBALL: FIFA, OVERSEAS TERRITORIES AND NATIONAL IDENTITY STEVE MENARY, SOLENT UNIVERSITY/WORLD SOCCER The Dutch footballing empire 1921 - Curaçao Voetbalbond formed 1932 - CVB joins FIFA 1938 - Dutch East Indies qualify for World Cup finals 1950 - Curaçao win football gold at Central American & Caribbean Games 1952 - Curaçao qualify for Olympic football finals 1958 - Curaçao now known as the Netherlands Antilles 1962 – Netherlands Antilles win gold at Cent. American & Caribbean Games The break-up of the Antilles 1986 - Aruba leaves the Netherlands Antilles 1988 - Aruba joins FIFA 2010 – Netherlands Antilles dissolved and Bonaire win the inaugural ABCS Cup for Dutch- speaking Caribbean territories (right) 2013 – Sint Maarten “The ABCS Cup is more the continuity of the historical bond and the close admitted as full relationship of the Dutch speaking CONCACAF member and island (sic) in the Caribbean Football Bonaire as associate Union.” - Curaçao coach Etienne Player Position Club(s) Territory Rugenio Josephia Goalkeeper NOAD Bonaire Ricardo van Rhijn Defender Ajax Curacao Hedwiges Maduro Defender Valencia, PAOK Aruba The Gregory van der Wiel Defender Ajax, PSG Curacao Jettro Willems Defender Sparta Rotterdam, PSV Curacao Overseas Leandro Bacuna Defender Groningen, Aston Villa Curacao Oranje Vurnon Anita Midfielder Ajax, Newcastle Utd Curacao Elson Hooi Midfielder NAC Breda Curacao Leroy Fer Midfielder Feynoord, Norwich City Curacao David Abdul Striker Sparta Rotterdam Aruba Quenten Martinius Striker Heerenveen, Ferencvaros Curacao Le Outre-Mer 1928 - Fédération Calédonienne de Football formed 1960 - Community Games staged 1962 - Guadeloupe & Martinique invited to enter clubs in Coupe de France 1963 - New Caledonia win the first of six Pacifc Games football titles 1989 - Fédération Tahitienne de Football formed 1989 - Francophone Games first staged 1990 - FTF admitted to FIFA 1993 - Martinique win Caribbean Championship 1998 - France win World Cup final 2004 - FCF admitted to FIFA 2007 - Guadeloupe reach Gold Cup semi-finals Le Coupe de l’Outre Mer 2008 – Coupe de l’Outre Mer (Overseas Cup) first staged “We know where we come from and we want to give back what Guadeloupe or Martinique or New Caledonia gave to the national team. “We know our background. I wanted to be close to them but also to try to give another visibility of how we are, our tradition, our culture, this is the way we are and the tool is sport” - Christian Karembeu A new world for the Outre-Mer? 2010 – St Pierre et Miquelon invited to join the Overseas Cup 2012 - Réunion win last Overseas Cup and Tahiti win Oceania Nations Cup 2013 – Tahiti take part in Confederations Cup and host Beach Soccer World Cup 2013 – French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique and Saint Martin join CONCACAF as full members 2014 – Overseas Cup cancelled by Fédération Française de Steve Marlet at 2012 Overseas Cup in Saint-Ouen Football Player Position Club(s) Territory Bernard Lama Goalkeeper Lille, PSG, West Ham French Guiana Jocelyn Angloma Defender PSG, Inter, Valencia Guadeloupe Marius Tresor Defender Marseille, Bordeaux Guadeloupe Le Lilian Thuram Defender Parma, Juventus, Barcelona Guadeloupe Outre- Gael Clichy Defender Arsenal, Man City Martinique Mer Christian Karembeu Midfield Sampdoria, Real Madrid New Caledonia Florent Malouda Midfield Lyon, Chelsea, Trabzonspor French Guiana XI Didier Agathe Midfield Montpellier, Celtic Reunion Dimitri Payet Midfield St Etienne, Lille, Marseille Reunion Guillaume Hoarau Striker Le Harve, PSG, Bordeaux Reunion Frédéric Piquionne Striker West Ham, Portland New Caledonia Football in the British Empire 1895 - Gibraltar Football Association formed 1909 - GFA joined the Football Association on similar standing to a county association 1928 - Bermuda Football Association formed 1947 - Falkland Island Football League formed 1962 - BFA join FIFA 1967 - Bermuda runners-up to Mexico at Pan-American Games The end of Empire? 1992-1996 Anguilla, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Montserrat and Turks & Caicos all admitted to CONCACAF and FIFA as full members “You went into a school and all the children played basketball and wanted to be Michael Jordan.” – Tom Smith, founding president of Turks & Caicos Football Association Outside the Caribbean 1969 Spain close border with Gibraltar 1989 Gibraltar take part in Island Games football 1997 GFA apply to join UEFA 2007 Gibraltar win Island Games 2011 Court of Arbitration for Sport rule for third time that GFA must join UEFA 2013 Gibraltar admitted to UEFA Stuck in the South Atlantic 1997 Falkland Island team tour Chile 2001 Falkland Islands enter Island Games football tournament 2004 – Falkland Islands play Chile at cricket 2007 – Falkland Islands join International Cricket Council as an affiliate 2010 – Falkland Islands beat Costa Rica in ICC Americas Championship Division Four 2011 – Falkland Island Football League drops to 3 teams and is not completed Player Position Club(s) Territory Tony Macedo Goalkeeper Fulham Gibraltar Scott Wiseman Defender Hull, Rochdale, Barnsley Gibraltar Danny Higginbotham Defender Man Utd, Southampton Gibraltar A Colim Ramirez Defender Glentoran, Real Balonpedica Gibraltar Arnold Woollard Defender Bournemouth, Newcastle Bermuda British Liam Walker Midfield Portsmouth, Bnei Yehuda Gibraltar Empire Ruel Fox Midfield Spurs, Newcastle Montserrat XI Gavin Glinton Striker LA Galaxy Turks & Caicos Nahki Wells Striker Bradford City, Huddersfield Bermuda Sean Goater Striker Rotherham, Man City Bermuda Clyde Best Striker West Ham Bermuda The post post-colonial football world US territories FA founded Confederation Joined FIFA American Samoa 1984 OFC 1998 Guam 1975 AFC 1996 Northern Mariana Islands 2005 AFC N/a Puerto Rico 1940 CONCACAF 1960 United States Virgin Islands 1992 CONCACAF 1998 Chinese territories FA founded Joined FIFA Hong Kong 1914 AFC 1954 Macau 1939 AFC 1978 “I refuse to call them a national team. The U.S. is our national team.” - Aaron Gray, sports reporter for the Virgin Islands Daily News. “We all have U.S. passports.” – Reid Klopp, captain of the US Virgin Islands Team The way forward? • Fresh thinking needed over FIFA membership, what are the criteria, how to engage with potential new members and also non-sovereign nations on a more open, transparent way • Whatever happened to FIFA’s Working Group on Small Nations? • Consideration of an associate membership of FIFA to allow for transition of new members at various categories of independence • This would allow detailed engagement with FIFA before Financial Assistance Programme and GOAL funds paid out.