A History of Residential Development, Planning, and Zoning in Arlington County, Virginia April 2020 Acknowledgements This report would not have been possible without the guidance and feedback from Arlington County staff, including Mr. Russell Danao-Schroeder, Ms. Kellie Brown, Mr. Timothy Murphy, and Mr. Richard Tucker. We appreciate your time and insights. Prepared by Dr. Shelley Mastran Jennifer Burch Melissa Cameron Randy Cole Maggie Cooper Andrew De Luca Jose Delcid Dinah Girma Owain James Lynda Ramirez-Blust Noah Solomon Alex Wilkerson Madeline Youngren Cover Image Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/arlingtonva/29032004740/in/album-72157672142122411/ i Table of Contents Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................................................................................ i Prepared by ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... i Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................................................................................. ii Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................................................................................... iii Key Findings ................................................................................................................................................................................................ iii Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 1880-1930 ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Overview ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 3 Transportation .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 3 Housing .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Planning and Zoning ................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Arlington’s African American Community: Freedmans Village and the Diaspora ........................................................................... 8 1931-1945 ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9 Overview ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 9 Housing .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9 Planning and Zoning ................................................................................................................................................................................. 10 Transportation ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 12 Buckingham Village ................................................................................................................................................................................... 13 Restrictive Covenants ................................................................................................................................................................................ 14 Garden Apartments in Arlington, Virginia ............................................................................................................................................ 15 1946-1960 ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 16 Overview ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 16 Planning and Zoning ................................................................................................................................................................................. 17 Housing ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 18 Arlington’s Push to House Defense Workers and Veterans ............................................................................................................... 19 1961-1979 ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 20 Overview ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 20 Transportation ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 20 Planning and Zoning ................................................................................................................................................................................. 22 Housing ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 23 Condo Conversions ................................................................................................................................................................................... 25 The Fair Housing Act ................................................................................................................................................................................ 26 The Vietnamese Community in Arlington ............................................................................................................................................. 27 1980-2009 ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 28 Overview ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 28 Planning and Zoning ................................................................................................................................................................................. 31 Housing ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 32 2010-Present .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 34 Overview ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 34 Planning and Zoning ................................................................................................................................................................................. 34 Housing ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 35 The Arrival of Amazon’s HQ2 ................................................................................................................................................................ 37 Next Steps and Further Research ................................................................................................................................................................. 38 ii Executive Summary Throughout its recent history, and especially in the 21st century, Arlington