Improving Consumer Voices and Accountability in the Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) Findings from the benchmarking Citizen Report Cards in Odisha and Tamil Nadu CRC-2 Conducted By For Project Supported by June 2017 Public Affairs Foundation (PAF) Implementation of Citizen Report Card (CRC-2) as a part of Improving Consumer Voices and Accountability in Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) [SBM(G)] Report of Findings Submitted to Public Affairs Centre (PAC) [For Feedback please contact Meena Nair at [email protected]] June 2017 [page left blank] i Public Affairs Foundation | CRC-2 in Tamil Nadu and Odisha | PAC/BMGF | June 2017 Table of Contents List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................ viii Acknowledgments .................................................................................................................................. ix Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................. 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 6 Report Outline ...................................................................................................................................... 10 Section 2: Methodology ........................................................................................................................ 11 Section 3: Key Findings – Thematic Analysis ......................................................................................... 14 Theme 1: Current Status of IHHL Coverage in the two States – Toilets Built ............................... 16 Theme 2: Role played by Panchayati Raj Institutions in SBM (G): ................................................ 25 Theme 3: Is Lack of Water an Impediment to Improving Toilet Usage? ...................................... 36 Theme 4: Vulnerability of Socially and Economically Disadvantaged Groups – Do different groups experience SBM (G) differently? ....................................................................................... 46 Section 4a: Salient Findings from Household Survey of SBM (G) Beneficiaries in Tamil Nadu ............ 62 1. Socio Economic Profile of Households ...................................................................................... 64 2. Awareness on Sanitation: ......................................................................................................... 73 3. Application process under SBM (G) .......................................................................................... 76 4. Construction of toilet ................................................................................................................ 78 5.Materials and design ................................................................................................................. 81 6.Incentive under SBM (G) ............................................................................................................ 82 7.Usage of toilets .......................................................................................................................... 85 8. Problems and Grievance Redressal ........................................................................................... 88 9.Extra payments .......................................................................................................................... 89 10.Satisfaction and suggestions .................................................................................................... 90 11.Household attitudes toward toilet construction and usage .................................................... 91 12. Observation of toilets ............................................................................................................. 91 Section 4b: Salient Findings from Household Survey of SBM (G) Beneficiaries in Odisha ................... 94 1. Socio Economic Profile of Households ...................................................................................... 96 2.Awareness on Sanitation: ........................................................................................................ 106 3.Application process under SBM(G) .......................................................................................... 108 4.Construction of toilet ............................................................................................................... 110 5. Materials and design ............................................................................................................... 113 6.Incentive under SBM(G) ........................................................................................................... 114 8.Problems and grievance redressal ........................................................................................... 120 ii Public Affairs Foundation | CRC-2 in Tamil Nadu and Odisha | PAC/BMGF | June 2017 9.Extra payments ........................................................................................................................ 121 10.Satisfaction and Suggestions ................................................................................................. 122 11.Household attitudes toward toilet construction and usage .................................................. 123 12.Observation of toilets ............................................................................................................ 123 Section 5a: Findings from Officials’ Interviews in Tamil Nadu ............................................................ 126 1. Beneficiary Selection Process ................................................................................................. 129 2. Process of application: ............................................................................................................ 130 3. Designation, work and training of officials under SBM (G)..................................................... 130 4. Jurisdiction of areas and dissemination of information on SBM (G) ...................................... 131 5. Problems faced by beneficiaries: ............................................................................................ 131 6. SBM (G) Implementation: ....................................................................................................... 133 7. Knowledge of specifications of a toilet under SBM (G): ......................................................... 133 8. IEC activities for SBM (G): ....................................................................................................... 134 9. Official level dissemination of information on SBM (G) ......................................................... 136 10. Official task force under SBM (G) .......................................................................................... 137 11. Record maintenance under SBM (G) .................................................................................... 137 12. Job description of officials under SBM (G) ............................................................................ 137 13. Problems faced during discharging duties for SBM (G) ........................................................ 138 14. Corruption ............................................................................................................................. 139 16. Satisfaction Levels on Services of SBM (G) ........................................................................... 139 17. Reasons for dissatisfaction: .................................................................................................. 140 18. Suggestions: .......................................................................................................................... 140 Section 5b: Findings from Officials’ Interviews in Odisha ................................................................... 141 1. Beneficiary Selection Process ................................................................................................. 142 2. Process of application ............................................................................................................. 143 3. Designation, work and training of officials under SBM (G)..................................................... 144 4. Jurisdiction of areas and dissemination of information for SBM (G) ...................................... 144 5. Problems faced by beneficiaries ............................................................................................. 145 6. SBM (G) Implementation: ....................................................................................................... 146 7. Knowledge of specifications of a toilet under SBM (G): ......................................................... 146 8. IEC activities for SBM (G) ........................................................................................................ 147 9. Official level dissemination of information on SBM (G) ......................................................... 149 10. Official task force under SBM (G) .......................................................................................... 149 11. Record maintenance under SBM (G) .................................................................................... 150 iii Public Affairs Foundation | CRC-2 in Tamil Nadu and Odisha | PAC/BMGF |