THE JOURNAL OF THE in ANTHROPOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. ax\;.n v t * :^>- VOL. XI. \ * . I ,/ ': -^fo^' LONDON: rcKLWHiD rom tfet %ti\pafokpal fnsiifott of Great Britain anb frtlanb T TRUBNER & 00., 57 & 59, LUDGATE HILL. All Sights Rmrrrd. 1882. CONTENTS. PAGE I. Note on Carib Chisels. By J. Fobtb, Esq 2 U. Notes on two Stone Circles in Shropshire. By A. L. Lewis, Esq., F.C.A., M.AI 3 HI. Surgery and Superstition in Neolithic Times. By Miss A. W. Bucklanb, M.A.I 7 IT. Notes on the Origin of the Malagasy.] By C. Staniland Waxb, Esq., M.A.I 21 V. The Gauchos of San Jorge, Central Uruguay. By David Chbistisoh, M.D-, Edinburgh 34 VI. Note on Platform-Dwellings in Assam. By S. E. Peal, Esq. 53 TIL Notes on the Wild Tribes inhabiting the so-called Naga Hills, on our North-East Frontier of India. Part I. By Lieu- tenant-Colonel R. G. Woodthobpe, E.E 66 Till. On a Collection of Monumental Heads and Artificially Deformed Crania, from the Island of Mallicollo, in the New Hebrides. By W. H. Flowbb, LL.D., F.B.S., P.Z.S., T.P. Anthrop. Inst 75 IX. Notes on the Western Regions. Translated from the " TseSn Han 8hoo," Book 96, Part II. By A Wxlik, Esq. , 83 X. Report on Bones found in a Roman Tilla at Morton, near Brading, April, 1881. By Professor W. H. Fioweb, F.R.S. 116 XI. Remarks on some Archaic Structures in Somersetshire and Dorsetshire. By A. L. Lewis, Esq., F.C.A., M.A.I. 117 XII. On a New Instrument for determining the Facial Angle. By G. M. Atkinbon, Esq., M.A.1 122 XIH. The Stone Age of South Africa. By W. D. Gooch, Esq., C.E., M.A.I 124 XIT. Notes on the Wild Tribes inhabiting the so-called Naga Hills, on our North-East Frontier of India. Part II. By Lieutenant-Colonel R. G. Woodthobpb, R.E 196 XV. On some Naga Skulls. By Geobob D. Thahb, Professor of Anatomy in Unirorsity College, London 215 . IV CONTENTS. PAGB XVI. The Spread of the Slaves. Part IV. The Bulgarians. By H. H. Howorth, Esq., F.S.A., M.A.1 219 XVII. On the Andamanese and Nicobarese Objects presented to Major-General Pitt Rivers, F.B.S. By E. H. Mak, Esq., F.R.G.S., M.R.A.S., M.A.I 268 XVIII. Description of Andainanese Bone Necklaces. By Dr. Allex Thomson, F.R.S., V.P. Anthrop. Inst 295 XIX. On the Laws affecting the Relations between Civilized and Savage Life, as bearing on the Dealings of Colonists with Aborigines. By the Bight Hon. Sir II. Babtle Fbebb, Bart., G.C.B., G.C.S.I., F.R.S 313 XX. On the Animism of the Indians of British Guiana. By Evzbabd F. im Thubk, Esq 360 XXI. On the Discovery of Chert Implements in Stratified Gravel in the Nile Valley near Thebes. By Major-Gencral Pirr Riteks, F.R.S., President Antlirop. Inst 382 XXII. Notes on the Asiatic Relations of Polynesian Culture. By Edwakd B. Ttlob, D.C.L., F.R.S., V.P. Anthrop. Inst. 401 XXIII. On Fijian Riddles. By the Rev. Lobihbb Fisox, M.A. 406 XXIV. On the Stature of the Inhabitants of Hungary. By Jobs Beddob, M.D., F.R.S., M.A.I 410 XXV. Some Vestiges of Girl Sacrifices, Jar Burial, and Contracted Interments in India and the East. By M. J. Walhouse, Esq., F.R.A.S., M.A.I 416 * XXVI. On the Origin and Primitive Home of the Semites. By G. Behtis, Esq., M.A.I 423 XXVII. Notes on some Excavations made in Tumuli near Copiaprf, Chili, in June, 1880. By J. H. Madge, Esq 437 XXVIII. On some Stone Implements from British Guiana. By E. F. im Thvbn, Esq 444 XXIX. On Sepulchral Remains at Rathdown, Co. Wioklow. By Gbbabd A. Kinaban, Esq. 452 XXX. On Excavations in the Earthwork called Dane's Dyke at Flamborough in October, 1879 ; and on the Earthworks of the Yorkshire Wolds. By Mnjor-General Pitt Rivbbs, F.R.S., P.A.I 455 XXXI. Account of the Discovery of Six Ancient Dwellings, found under and near to British Barrows, on the Yorkshire Wolds. By J. R. Mobtimeb, Esq., M.A.I 472 Annual General Meeting . 479 H. H. Howobth.—The Spread of the Slaves. 219 This table also brings to light some points of difference between the two groups in the index of height, in the orbital index, and especially in the nasal index. In reference to the last feature, however, it may be remarked that there is a con- siderable range of variation within the series of Chinese skulls, and while the tendency undoubtedly is towards the narrow form of nose, and there are some which agree closely with our skull A, both in the nasal index and in the prominence of the nasal bones, there are, among the eighteen, four which are to a greater or less extent platyrhine ; and of these, one, No. 691 may be particularly mentioned, since it has a nasal index of 58*7, thus equalling our little group of B, D, and E (the skull shows altogether a great resemblance to I) and E), and this is associated with an extremely low orbital index, viz., 75. Thus a platyrhine form of skull with a microseme orbital index is not unknown, at least in individual cases, in an undoubtedly Mongolian family, but the question whether this is the prevailing condition amongst the inhabitants of the Naga Hills must remain to be settled by further observations. The measurements in the appended table have been made in the manner recommended by Professor Flower, to whose kind assistance I am mainly indebted for the opportunity of making this communication. A full explanation of the terms and methods employed, in so far as they differ from the French " Instructions," is contained in Professor Flower's memoir already cited, " On the Cranial Characters of the Natives of the Fiji Islands." The Spread of the Slaves.—Part IV. The Bulgarians. By H. H. Howorth, Esq., F.S.A.. M.A.L The term Bulgaria has a twofold connotation which it is very necessary that w.e should keep constantly in view. There is a political Bulgaria, and an ethnographical Bulgaria. These two are essentially different in boundaries and otherwise. The former includes all the country which was subject to the Bulgarian Crown in the days of its greatest prosperity, the latter includes the area peopled by Bulgarians properly so called. The boundaries which separate them are not always easy to fix, for we must remember that, although the Bulgarians are a mixed race of Slaves and Turco-Ugiians, yet that in their language and other more readily discriminated characteristics they have 220 H. H. Howorth.—The Spread of the Slaves. retained but few traces of the latter element in their com- position, which has been absorbed by their former one. So that superficially the Slaves of Macedonia or Rumelia and the Bulgarians of Bulgaria proper north of the Balkans are now very nearly related indeed. So nearly related, that if the question of nationality is to govern the solution of political problems, it seems pedantic to separate them when we are treating the problem, not as one of ethnology, but as one of politics. This, however, is complicated by another difficulty. It is comparatively easy to draw a line which shall separate the Slaves of Macedonia and Thrace from the litoral population which, whatever its mixed origin, is chiefly Greek or Turkish in language. It is similarly not difficult to define the correspond- ing boundary between the Macedonian Slaves and the Albanians. North of the Balkans, the problem is a more difficult one. If we accept the position, that whatever was subject to the Bulgarian Crown in the days of the Tzar Simeon, is to be included within the limits of Bulgaria, we must detach from Servia a very considerable area, and carry our boundary at least as far west as the Ibar and the Morava, and not merely to the Timok as is generally supposed. But letting this pass as one of the difficulties which prevent the recreation of the Bulgaria of Michael Boris and of Simeon in its integrity, and which has to be solved by a compromise involving a sacrifice on the part of Bulgaria, it will not be unprofitable to try and define the limits of this political Bulgaria towards the west and south. Accepting the test of language, and the postulate that pretty nearly all Slaves south of the Balkans were (as I believe they were) subject to the Tzar Simeon, we may accept the boundary line as fixed by the treaty of Saint Stephano as giving a very fair representation of the facts. This line no doubt errs on the side of including too little, for there can be very little doubt that, as we shall show in the next paper, even in Thessaly in the centuries preceding the 12th, there was a large element of Slavic origin, which has been absorbed by the more civilised Greeks. This boundary, however, represents very fairly the limits of what we may style Political Bulgaria. It has been admirably drawn in map 11a of Petermann's " Mittheilungen " for 1878. By Article 6 of the treaty of St Stephano, the boun- daries of the proposed Bulgaria, commencing with the north- eastern corner of the rectified frontier of Servia followed the eastern boundary of the Kaza Wrania district as far as the range of Karatagh, then bending south-westwards, ran along the eastern boundary of the Kazas of Kumanovo, Kotshani, and Kalkandelen as far as the mountain Korab, and thence along — H.