FINAL REPORT SERDP and ESTCP Technical Exchange Meeting on DoD Operational Range Assessment and Management Approaches October 2007 Page intentionally left blank. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES..................................................................................................................................................III LIST OF TABLES....................................................................................................................................................III LIST OF ACRONYMS............................................................................................................................................ IV ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..................................................................................................................................... VI EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .....................................................................................................................................VII 1 INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE OPERATIONAL RANGES ................................................................................ 1-1 1.2 MEETING OBJECTIVES............................................................................................................................. 1-2 2 METHOD ....................................................................................................................................................... 2-1 3 RDT&E NEEDS: CHARACTERIZATION............................................................................................... 3-1 3.1 STATE OF THE SCIENCE ........................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.1.1 Distribution ........................................................................................................................................ 3-1 3.1.2 Soil Sampling...................................................................................................................................... 3-3 3.1.3 Sample Processing and Analysis ........................................................................................................ 3-4 3.1.4 Analytical Methods............................................................................................................................. 3-4 3.1.5 Statistical Methods for Data Analysis ................................................................................................ 3-5 3.2 LIMITATIONS AND UNCERTAINTIES ......................................................................................................... 3-5 3.3 RESEARCH NEEDS ................................................................................................................................... 3-6 3.3.1 Critical Priority.................................................................................................................................. 3-6 3.3.1.1 Development of Characterization Approaches for Assessing Risk Posed by Munitions Constituents in Water Ranges ...........................................................................................................................................3-6 3.3.1.2 Source Zone Detection and Characterization Techniques.........................................................................3-6 3.3.1.3 Sentinel Monitoring Techniques for Early Warning of Potential Receptor Impact Risk ..........................3-7 3.3.1.4 Development of Improved Fate and Transport Parameter Values for Munitions Constituents.................3-7 3.3.2 High Priority ...................................................................................................................................... 3-8 3.3.2.1 Assess Potential of Bag Burning Operations and Use of Spotting Charges to Generate Contaminant Source Zones............................................................................................................................................3-8 3.3.2.2 Improved Understanding of the Frequency of Unexploded Ordnance Rupture by Incoming Rounds ......3-9 3.3.2.3 Improved Understanding of and Sampling Methods to Determine the Mechanisms Controlling Munition Constituent Concentrations in Surface Water...........................................................................................3-9 3.3.2.4 Development of Analytical Methods for Future Munitions Constituents .................................................3-9 3.4 DEMONSTRATION NEEDS ........................................................................................................................ 3-9 3.4.1 Critical Priority.................................................................................................................................. 3-9 3.4.1.1 Improved Methods for Developing Conceptual Site Models and Applying Data Quality Objectives for Water Ranges ...........................................................................................................................................3-9 3.4.1.2 Development of Decision Guidelines for Optimizing Groundwater Well Placement on Operational Ranges ...............................................................................................................................................................3-10 3.4.2 High Priority .................................................................................................................................... 3-10 3.4.2.1 Improved Source Zone Estimation Techniques Not Dependant upon Site Sampling .............................3-10 3.4.2.2 Integration of Multi-Increment Sampling into the Triad Approach ........................................................3-10 3.4.2.3 Development of Early Warning Mechanisms to Inform Sustainable Range Management Decisions.....3-11 3.4.2.4 Development of Munition Constituent Performance Standards for Quality Assurance/Quality Control at Analytical Laboratories ..........................................................................................................................3-11 3.5 NEEDS MENTIONED BUT ALREADY BEING ADDRESSED ........................................................................ 3-11 3.5.1 Characterization of Source Zones for Nitroguanidine ..................................................................... 3-11 3.5.2 Distribution and Fate of Propellant Residues at Small Arms Ranges.............................................. 3-12 4 RDT&E NEEDS: RISK, MODELING, AND ASSESSMENT.................................................................. 4-1 4.1 STATE OF THE SCIENCE ........................................................................................................................... 4-1 4.1.1 Part 1: Hazard Identification ............................................................................................................. 4-2 4.1.1.1 Identification of Range-Related Chemicals of Potential Concern.............................................................4-3 SERDP & ESTCP Technical Exchange Meeting on DoD Operational Range i Assessment and Management Approaches 4.1.1.2 Identification and Description of Source Term.........................................................................................4-3 4.1.1.3 Additional Issues in Hazard Identification................................................................................................4-5 4.1.1.4 Consideration of Metals............................................................................................................................4-5 4.1.2 Part 2: Toxicity Assessment................................................................................................................ 4-5 4.1.3 Part 3: Exposure Assessment ............................................................................................................ 4-7 4.1.3.1 Fate and Transport ....................................................................................................................................4-7 4.1.3.2 Source Concentration................................................................................................................................4-8 4.1.4 Part 4: Risk Characterization/Uncertainty Analysis.......................................................................... 4-9 4.1.4.1 Risk Characterization Integration Tools and Efforts.................................................................................4-9 4.1.4.2 Uncertainty Analysis...............................................................................................................................4-10 4.2 RESEARCH NEEDS ................................................................................................................................. 4-10 4.2.1 Critical Priority................................................................................................................................ 4-10 4.2.1.1 Improved Understanding of the Role of Valence State in the Fate, Transport, and Toxicity of Heavy Metals Associated with Munitions Constituents ....................................................................................4-10 4.2.1.2 Development of Analytical Methods for Munitions Constituents...........................................................4-11 4.2.1.3 Development of Toxicity Data for Munition Constituents and Munition Constituent By-Products .......4-11 4.2.1.4 Improved Understanding