Incised and impressed pottery during the Neolithic period in Western Macedonia Magdalini Tsigka SCHOOL OF HUMANITIES A thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Arts (MA) in the Classical Archaeology and the Ancient History of Macedonia December 2018 Thessaloniki – Greece 2 Student Name: Magdalini Tsigka SID: 2204150030 Supervisor: Prof. S. M. Valamoti I hereby declare that the work submitted is mine and that where I have made use of another’s work, I have attributed the source(s) according to the Regulations set in the Student’s Handbook. December 2018 Thessaloniki - Greece 3 Preface This study is the completion of the postgraduate course of MA in the Classical Archaeology and the Ancient History of Macedonia at the International University of Thessaloniki. In order for this thesis to be completed, the contribution of some people was important. First of all, I would like to thank Prof. S. M. Valamoti who accepted to supervise my thesis and encouraged me in all its stages. I would also like to thank Dr. A. Dimoula who helped me throughout all the steps for its completion, from finding the subject up to the end of my work. She was always present to direct me and to solve any questions or concerns about the subject. Then I want to thank L. Gkelou, archaeologist of the Ephorate of Florina, for entrusting me material from the excavation of Anargyroi VIIc and made this study possible despite all the adversities. Also, I would like to thank the Director of the Ephorate of Florina, Dr C. Ziota, for the discussion and the information she gave me during my study of the material. Moreover, I want to thank all the staff of the museum of Florina, permanent and contract, who helped me in every way to complete my study. Furthermore, I want to thank my colleagues M. Lazaridou, M. Lazopoulou, I. Stefanou, A. Apostolidou and M. Tsichla. Last but not least, I want to thank my family for the support and understanding because the long hours I had to dedicate to reading and writing my thesis deprived them from my presence. Magdalini Tsigka 24/12/2018 4 Contents Preface ...................................................................................................................................................... 4 Contents ........................................................................................................................................................ 5 1.Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 8 2.The process of making and decorating impressed, incised and fluted vessels ................................... 10 a.Raw materials ....................................................................................................................................... 10 b.Collection and preparation of raw materials ....................................................................................... 11 c.Building techniques .............................................................................................................................. 11 d. Surface treatment and firing ............................................................................................................... 12 e.The techniques of impression, incision and fluting ............................................................................. 13 3. Archaeological research in prehistoric Western Macedonia .............................................................. 14 a. Ηistory of research .............................................................................................................................. 14 b.Archaeological research in Western Macedonia ................................................................................. 15 i.Early Neolithic period ............................................................................................................................ 15 1.Florina- Kastoria ............................................................................................................................... 15 2.Kozani ............................................................................................................................................... 16 3.Grevena ............................................................................................................................................ 18 4.Pella .................................................................................................................................................. 18 5.Hmathia ............................................................................................................................................ 19 ii.Middle Neolithic period ....................................................................................................................... 20 1.Kastoria ............................................................................................................................................ 20 2.Florina .............................................................................................................................................. 20 3.Grevena ............................................................................................................................................ 21 4.Kozani ............................................................................................................................................... 21 5.Pella .................................................................................................................................................. 22 6.Hmathia ............................................................................................................................................ 22 iii.Late Neolithic period ........................................................................................................................... 22 1.Kastoria ............................................................................................................................................ 22 2.Florina .............................................................................................................................................. 22 3.Grevena ............................................................................................................................................ 23 4.Kozani ............................................................................................................................................... 23 5 5.Pella .................................................................................................................................................. 23 6.Hmathia ............................................................................................................................................ 24 iv.Final Neolithic period .......................................................................................................................... 24 1.Kastoria ............................................................................................................................................ 24 2.Grevena ............................................................................................................................................ 24 3.Kozani ............................................................................................................................................... 24 4.Pella .................................................................................................................................................. 25 5.Hmathia ............................................................................................................................................ 25 v.Final comment ..................................................................................................................................... 25 2nd Part .................................................................................................................................................... 26 1.The Neolithic settlement of Anargyroi VIIc and its excavation ............................................................ 26 a.Pottery.................................................................................................................................................. 27 b.Other findings ...................................................................................................................................... 27 2.Sampling and development of the study ............................................................................................. 27 a.Collecting the sample ........................................................................................................................... 28 b.Development of the study ................................................................................................................... 29 3.Categories based on fabric .................................................................................................................. 30 4.Construction techniques ...................................................................................................................... 32 5.Surface treatment ................................................................................................................................ 33 6.Surface decoration process.................................................................................................................