UNIVERSITY OF OSLO OwC— 86-tB P R 0 C E i DISCS of i hu 13TII ANNUAL MEETING ON UPPER ATMOSPHERE STUDIES BY OPTICAL METHODS Lysebu, Oslo, Norway 19.-23. August, 1985 Edited by Karl M .1 s e i d e Report 86-28 ISSS-0J32-5571 December 1986 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS REPORT SERIES I! 1LJI Jil U M 1UJ^* * JJLIJ .ili:mljj(:.iU U PROCEI. D'NCS of the I3TH ANNUAL MEETING ON UPPER ATMOSPHERE STUDIES BY OPTICAL METHOD Lysebu, Oslo, Norway 19.-23. August, 1983 Edited by Karl Må seide Report 86-28 ISSN-0332-5571 December 1986 Department of Physics, University of Oslo, P.O.Box 1038 Blindern, K-03 15 Oslo j, Norway 13TH ANNUAL MEETING ON UPPER ATMOSPHERE STUDIES BY OPTICAL METHODS Lysabu, Oslo, Norway, 19.-23. August, 1985 Participants in front of the Lysebu Conference Center. Ul TABLE OF CONTENTS SESSION I: OPENING AND INTRODUCTORY TALKS Chairman: K.Måseide WORDS OF WELCOME 1 T. Amundsen AURORAL RESEARCH IN NORWAY UP TO THE SPACE AGE 3 A.Egeland and A.Brekke UPPER ATMOSPHERE RESEARCH IN NORWAY AT THE PRESENT AND FUTURE PLANS' E.V.Thrane SESSION II: ATMOSPHERIC EMISSIONS Chairman: A.Vallance Jones EXCITATION MECHANISMS AND SPECTRAL EMISSIONS FROM THE UPPER ATMOSPHERE 24 A.Vallance Jones ANALYSIS OF AURORAL Oa ' FIRST NEGATIVE BANDS 43 K.Henriksen and L.Veseth OPTICAL STUDIES FROM SPACE SHUTTLE - A PRELIMINARY REPORT OF MEASUREMENTS ON THE STS 41-G MISSION 66 E.J.Llewellyn, I.C.McDade, D.J.W.Kendall, R.L.Gattinger, S.B.Mende, G.R.Swenson, W.A.Gault, G.G.Shepherd, B.H.Sclheim, L.L.Cogger, and M.Garneau SESSION III: AURORAL FEATURES AND DYNAMICS Chairman: M.H.Rees THERMOSPHERIC STRUCTURE AND AURORAL MODELING 76 M.H.Rees (Abstract only) THE EFFECT OF LIGHT SCATTERING AND DIFFUSE REFLEC­ TION ON ATMOSPHERIC SPECTRAL MEASUREMENTS 78 K.Stamnes and G.Witt COORDINATED ROCKET MEASUREMENTS OF AURORAL X-RAYS AND OPTICAL EMISSIONS 91 J.Stadsnes, K.R.Topphol, and K.Måseide 'Papers presented, but not submitted for repro­ duction here. IV DAYSIDE AURORAS IN RELATION TO THE INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC FIELD: A CASE STUDY 105 P.E.Sandholt, A.Egeland, B.Lybekk, and C.S.Deehr MIDDAY ELECTROJET AND RELATED EXPENSION OF DAYSIDE AURORA1 T.Oguti NEW IDEAS OF SUBSTORM DEVELOPMENT AS OBSERVED BY GROUND-BASED OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS 129 R.J.Pellinen SESSION IV: AURORAL PULSATIONS Chairman: T.Oguti RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN PULSASTING AURORA STUDIES 141 I.Sandahl AURORAL AND CONCURRENT GEOMAGNETIC PULSATIONS 160 T.Oguti PULSATING AURORA AND HYDROGEN EMISSIONS 185 R.A.Viereck and H.C.Stenbaek-Nielsen ROCKET EXPERIMENTS TO STUDY PULSATING AURORA1 F.Seraas SSSSION V: AIRGLOW AND ATMOSPHERIC PARAMETERS Chairman: G.Witt SOME CURRENT PROBLEMS IN AIRGLOW RESEARCH1 G.Witt ALTITUDE DISTRIBUTION OF SOME AIRGLOW FEATURES 199 J.J.Lopez-Moreno, A.Molina, M.L6pez-Puertas, F.Moreno, and R.Rodrigo CONTAMINATION IN ROCKET-BORNE IR MEASUREMENTS 210 D.Smith and A.Ratkowski GROUND-BASED OPTICAL OBSERVATIONS OF THERMOSPHERIC DYNAMICS AT THE GEOMAGNETIC POLE, AT THE GEOMAGNETIC EQUATOR, AND AT STATIONS IN BETWEEN1 J.W.Meriwether, Jr. NEUTRAL WIND MEASUREMENTS BY FABRY-PEROT. INTERFERO- METRY IN ANTARCTICA 229 R.D.Stewart, J.R.Dudeney, A.S.Rodger, R.W.Smith, and D.Rees v UPPER ATMOSPHERE TEMPERATURES OBTAINED BY INFRA- REO SPECTROSCOPY 240 F.Gerndt, D.Offer-mann, and T.Blix THE UNIVERSITY OF BONN LIDAR EXPERIMENT AT THE ANDØYA ROCKET RANGE 252 U.von Zahn S E SSI ON VI: ATMOSPHERIC CONSTITUENTS Chairman: G.Gustafsson SOLAR MESOSPHERE EXPLORER SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS OF POLAR MESOSPHERIC CLOUDS AND OF OZONE AT HIGH ALTITUDES' J.J.Olivero OPTICAL MEASUREMENTS OF ATMOSPHERIC OZONE AT HIGH LATITUDES 260 S.H.H.Larsen OBSERVATIONS OF THE GEOCORONAL HYDROGEN1 J.W.Meriwether, Jr. LYMAN-a OBSERVATIONS FROM A HIGH ALTITUDE ROCKET 266 H.Lauche CHAIRMAN'S SUMMARY OF SESSION VI 276 G.Gustafsson SESSION VII: INSTRUMENTATION AND DATA HANDLING Chairman: H.Lauche LOW LIGHT LEVEL MEASUREMENTS WITH PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBES - PHOTON COUNTING VERSUS ELECTROMETER OPERA­ TION 278 A.G.Wright A PULSE AMPLIFIER/DISCRIMINATOR (PAD) FOR SINGLE PHOTON COUNTING 300 L.Alexander GROUND-BASED SPECTROSCOPIC MEASUREMENTS WITH IMAG­ ING PHOTON DETECTORS' J.Stegman A ROCKET PHOTOMETER EXPERIMENT TO STUDY OPTICAL EMISSIONS FROM ARTIFICIAL ELECTRON BEAMS IN THE IONOSPHERE 311 K.Måseide VI ,\ BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ELECTRONICS OF A FOUR CHANNEL ROCKET PHOTOMETER AND THE CHECK-OUT EQUIP­ MENT 328 T.A.Sten A REAL-TIME SYSTEM FOR MEASURING THE ALTITUDE OF AURORAL STRUCTURES 335 A.Steen ALTITUDE OF THE RED LOWER BORDER IN AURORAL FORMS 347 K.Kaila IMAGE PROCESSING OF ALL SKY AURORAL PHOTOGRAPHS 353 B.Lybekk (Abstract only) CALIBRATION OF OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS FOR ABSOLUTE INTENSITY MEASUREMENTS OF UPPER ATMOSPHERIC EMIS­ SIONS 354 J.Stegman and D.P.Murtagh A CALIBRATION PHOTOMETER FOR LOW BRIGHTNESS SOURCES 364 H. Lauene and W.Barke S ESS I ON VII_I :_0,B SER VATION PROGRAMS Chairman: R.Pellinen A SHORT HISTORY AND SUMMARY OF OBJECTIVES FOR THE GROUND-BASED OPTICAL AERONOMY (GBOA) PROGRAM IN THE UNITED STATES 371 C.S.Deehr, G.J.Romick, J.Meriwether, and M.H.Rees A CANADIAN MERIDIAN PHOTOMETER ARRAY (CONOPUS MPS) 384 D.J.McEwen, L.Cogger, F.Creutzberg, R.Gattinger, F.Harris, A.Vallance Jones, R.A.Koehler, and J.Wolfe (Abstract only) GROUND-BASED PROGRAMS RELATED WITH VIKING 385 G.Gustafsson THE MAPSTAR PROGRAM - GENESIS AND PHILOSOPHY1 J.W.Meriwether, Jr. UPPER ATMOSPHERE OPTICAL STUDIES FROM SVALBARD AT THE PRESENT AND FUTURE PLANS' A.Egeland. CHAIRMAN'S SUMMARY OF SESSION VIII 391 R.Pellinen 1 WORDS OF WELCOME Tore Amundsen, Dean of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences. University of Oslo. It is a pleasure to take part in the opening of this conference and welcome you all to Oslo and to this 13th Annual Meeting on Upper Atmosphere Studies by Dptical Me­ thods. Me are nappy to see you all here, and it is encourag­ ing for the cosmic physics group that so many have found an opportunity to attend this meeting. It is now 10 years since a similar meeting was held in Norway, and at that time the meeting was arranged by The Norwegian Institute of Cosmic Physics. Since then, this institute has been reorganized, it has disappeared as it were, into the Universities of Oslo and Tromsai. So you might say that the former Oslo division of The Norwegian Institute of Cosmic Physics now appears ir. a new disguise; as the group of cosmic physics in our Institute of physics. It is this group which is now hosting this conference. I don't know whether the group was happier as a small and fairly independent "division" rather than just one group among many others in a fairly large institute - I suspect they have had some nostalgic feelings about the good old days from time to time - but on behalf of the faculty I would like to say that we are very happy to have this active groi_p with us at the Uni verslty. Norway and the University of Oslo have a long and rich tradition in cosmic physics with outstanding scientists like Kristian Birkeland, Carl Stelrmer, Lars Vegard, and many others, and we Are pleased to have a group which continue to do high quality research in this traditional field. I suppose it must be fair to say that wc live in a very exciting time with a great deal happening in science, not least in astrophysics and cosmic physics, and I am sure you have a lot to talk about and are eager to get on with the program. Let me nevertheless very briefly slip in a few facts about the Faculty of Science here in Oslo before I 2 again leave you in the hands of the chairman. Official statistics tell that around 1/3 of all basic research in the mathematical and natural sciences in Norway is being done here at our faculty. So we Are rather large by Norwegian standards, and I think also by European standards. Close to 1000 people are in some way connected with our institutes, and at the moment we have a little more than 3B00 students altogether. The number of students has increa­ sed through the last 10 years, and on Wednesday, the 1st of September - when the term is officially opened - we will be welcoming more than 900 new students. One of the reasons for this increase is probably that we now have a choice of a more technologically oriented education. We can even offer the students a degree called "ei vi I-eng*neer" for the first time this year, which in itself is a remarkable event in the history of our universi­ ty. A student working on measuring techniques and electro­ nics - for example applied to problems in the upper atmo­ sphere - can certainly qualify for this degree if he wants to. I think the University has a lot to offer also in the direction of a more applied education, and it is encouraging that the response from the students seems to be positive. The preparation of these new alternatives in our curricula has been one of our main efforts - and also our main subject for discussions - for quite some time. Well, these things are on my mind. I am sure you have different problems on yours. With the prospect of Norway entering the European Space Agency (ESA) and our government hopefully allocating funds to ESA-related research, the outlook for the Norwegian activities in cosmic physics should be good. 1 will end on this optimistic note by wish­ ing you a fruitful conference and a pleasant stay here at Lysebu in Oslo.