Vergiijus REDIVIVUS Studies in Joseph Addison's Latin Poetry Estelle Haan This content downloaded from 201.153.151.19 on Sun, 08 Jul 2018 23:56:40 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Vergilius Redivivus: Studies in Joseph Addison's Latin Poetry This content downloaded from 201.153.151.19 on Sun, 08 Jul 2018 23:56:47 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Vergilius Redivivus: Studies in Joseph Addison's Latin Poetry Estelle Haan American Philosophical Society Philadelphia 2005 This content downloaded from 201.153.151.19 on Sun, 08 Jul 2018 23:56:47 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Transactions of the American Philosophical Society Held at Philadelphia For Promoting Useful Knowledge Volume 95, Part 2 Copyright ? 2005 by the American Philosophical Society for its Transaction series. All rights reserved Cover illustration: Isaac Fuller's Mural on the Last Judgment, Magdalen College Chapel, Oxford (Engraving by Michael Burghers). By permission of the President and Fellows, Magdalen College, Oxford. ISBN-13: 978-0-87169-952-7 ISBN-10: 0-87169-952-4 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Haan, Estelle. Vergilius Redivivus: Studies in Joseph Addison 's Latin Poetry I Estelle Haan. p. cm. ? (Transactions of the American Philosophical Society ; v. 95, pt. 2) English and Latin. Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-87169-952-7 (pbk.) ISBN-10: 0-87169-952-4 (pbk.) 1. Addison, Joseph, 1672-1719?Criticism and interpretation. 2. Latin poetry, Medieval and modern?England?History and criticism. 3. Addison, Joseph, 1672-1719?Knowledge?Language and languages. 4. Addison, Joseph, 1672-1719?Knowledge?Rome. 5. English poetry?Roman influences. 6. Virgil?Appreciation?England. 7. Virgil?Influence. I. Title: Studies in Joseph Addison's Latin poetry. II. Title. III. Series. PA8450.A32Z53 2005 824'.5?dc22 2005043569 This content downloaded from 201.153.151.19 on Sun, 08 Jul 2018 23:56:47 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms For Tony This content downloaded from 201.153.151.19 on Sun, 08 Jul 2018 23:56:47 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms CONTENTS Preface.ix Acknowledgements.xiii Abbreviations.xiv Introduction.1 Chapter 1 Among the Oxford Shepherds : Tityrus et Mopsus.14 (i) The Vota Oxoniensia and Virgilian Pastoral.16 (ii) Virgil Reinvented: From Eclogue to Encomium. 21 Chapter 2 A G?orgie Weather Glass : Barometri Descriptio.30 (i) Science and Metallic Showers.38 (ii) From Bisse to Addison: The Georgics Reborn.41 Chapter 3 Virgilian Bees and Addisonian Pygmies.50 (i) The G?orgie World of the Miniature.55 (ii) Transcending Virgil.62 Chapter 4 Virgilian Bees and Addisonian Puppets: Machinae Gesticulantes.71 (i) Romanitas Recreated: Addison's Puppet Theater.72 (ii) Virgil Recreated: Puppets and Bees.80 Chapter 5 A Virgilian Game of Bowls: Sphaeristerium.88 (i) A Virgilian Landscape?.90 (ii) Bowling amid Virgilian Games.94 Chapter 6 Artistic Rebirth: Resurrectio Delineata.104 (i) The Poet and the Painter.112 (ii) Linguistic Resurrection: From Virgil to Addison.113 (iii) Iconographie Resurrection: From Virgil to Fuller.... 116 Chapter 7 From Vigo to Vienna: Addisoniana Rediviva.125 (i) Addison's Vigo Epigrams.126 (ii) Variations Upon a Virgilian Theme.130 vii This content downloaded from 201.153.151.19 on Sun, 08 Jul 2018 23:56:47 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Plates.139 Appendix 1: Addison's Latin Poems.145 Appendix 2: Addison's Latin Verses on the Vigo Expedition.171 Appendix 3: Addison: A Translation of All Virgil's Fourth G?orgie Except the Story of Aristaeus.177 Appendix 4: Addison's Essay on Virgil's Georgics.189 Bibliography.197 Index.205 Vlll This content downloaded from 201.153.151.19 on Sun, 08 Jul 2018 23:56:47 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms PREFACE It isvirtually hardly ignored an by modernexaggeration scholarship. Since to the say appearance that in Addison's 1914 Latin poetry has been of Guthkelch's edition of his works1 there has been no modern edition of the Latin poetry, with the exception of the hypertext version (together with brief notes) by Sutton.2 And critical discussion is equally thin, amounting in fact to just two articles, one unpublished thesis, and a single chapter in another unpublished thesis. As far back as 1938 Bradner, in an article that should have paved the way for further study, offered a comprehensive survey of factual problems surrounding the publication of several of Addison's Latin poems.3 It is evident, however, that this discussion did not aim to offer a critical analysis. Almost twenty-five years later Schuch's dissertation on Addison and the poetry of Augustan Rome made some good observations,4 but this focused on his vernacular rather than Latin writings, tracking down thematic parallels, while neglecting seventeenth century appropriation of classical models. Nearly two decades later Wiesenthal in an unpublished thesis convincingly demonstrated that "Addison's Latin is both vigorous and energetic."5 His chapter on the subject is particularly useful when set in the context of the other English Augustans whose Latin poetry he surveys. And more recently some 1 A.C. Guthkelch, ed., The Miscellaneous Works of Joseph Addison (London, 1914), 2 vols. 2 D.F. Sutton, ed., The Latin Prose and Poetry of Joseph Addison: A Hypertext Edition (The Philological Museum: California, 1997; revised 1998). Despite this very welcome and highly accessible version, it is clear that a new critical edition of the Latin poems, together with an English translation and detailed commentary, is long overdue. While this is not the aim of the present study, I have appended my own edition of the Latin poems discussed herein. See Appendices 1 and 2 below. 3 Leicester Bradner, "The Composition and Publication of Addison's Latin Poems," MP 35 (1938), 359-367. 4 Gerhard Schuch, Addison und die Lateinischen Augusteer: Studien zur Frage der Literarischen Abh?ngigkeit des Englischen Klassizismus (PhD thesis, University of K?ln, 1962). 5 A.J. Wiesenthal, The Latin Poetry of the English Augustans (PhD thesis, Virginia, 1979), 48-49. See in general 47-94. ix This content downloaded from 201.153.151.19 on Sun, 08 Jul 2018 23:56:47 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms X Preface insight into Addison's reworking of Virgil in his Pax Gulielmi has been afforded by Williams and Kelsall6 in an article which, as Sutton observes, is "a model for the way Neo-Latin poetry can be discussed with profit."7 What is immediately apparent, nonetheless, is the fact that Addison's Latin verse has failed to receive the critical attention it deserves. And this seems to be the consequence of a number of factors. Until very recently classical scholars have not ventured into the immensely important domain of neo-Latin literature, important because it illuminates our understanding of such issues as reception, the classical tradition, and more generally the complexities of early modern culture.8 And English scholars (barring only a few exceptions) rarely cross that linguistic divide between a poet's vernacular and Latin works,9 despite the fact that such an approach can and does prove mutually insightful for both disciplines. It is unfortunate then that Bradner's observation made well over half a century ago that "very little has appeared in the way of critical study of these poems in relation to the literature of their time"10 still holds true today. Typical of its reception is the viewpoint of Courthope, who could only remark that the Latin poems "are distinguished by the ease and flow of the versification, but they are generally wanting in originality."11 It is the aim of the present monograph to begin to fill this gap in modern scholarship by examining the intricate intertextual relationships 6 R.D. Williams and Malcolm Kelsall, "Critical Appreciations V: Joseph Addison, Pax Gulielmi Auspiciis Europae Reddita, 1697, lines 96-132 and 167-end," G&R 27 (1980), 48-59. 7 Sutton, ed., The Latin Prose and Poetry of Joseph Addison, Introduction, 9. 8 One clear exception is the excellent work of Dana Sutton, whose online bibliography of neo-Latin texts (compiled for The Philological Museum) has made hitherto neglected primary texts accessible to a wide readership. 9 Among the few exceptions to this general trend are J.W. Binns, ed. The Latin Poetry of English Poets (London, 1974); Milton Studies 19 (1984), an important volume of essays on Milton's Latin poetry; Estelle Haan, From Academia to Amicitia: Milton's Latin Writings and the Jtalian Academies (Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 88.6: Philadelphia, 1998); Estelle Haan, Thomas Gray's Latin Poetry; Some Classical, Neo-Latin and Vernacular Contexts (Collection Latomus 257: Brussels, 2000); Estelle Haan, Andrew Marvell's Latin Poetry: From Text to Context (Collection Latomus 275: Brussels, 2003). 10 Bradner, "Addison's Latin Poems," 359. 11 W.J. Courthope, Addison (London, 1889; rpt 1911), 39. This content downloaded from 201.153.151.19 on Sun, 08 Jul 2018 23:56:47 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Preface xi between some of Addison's neo-Latin poems and the poetic corpus of one Augustan poet: Virgil (the Georgias in particular). While so doing it fully accepts nonetheless that Addison's Latin poetry also interacts, even if in a less overt or sustained way, with other Roman authors. Offering a case study, as it were, of one neo-Latin poet's engagement with Virgil, it presents a series of chapter-length discussions,