ASTEROID IMPACT AND DEFLECTION ASSESSMENT (AIDA) MISSION: THE DOUBLE ASTEROID REDIRECTION TEST (DART) A. F. Cheng1, P. Michel2 , O. Barnouin1, A. Campo‐Bagatin3, P. Miller4, P. Pravec5, D. C. Richardson6, A.S. Rivkin1, S. R. Schwartz2, A. Stickle1, K. Tsiganis7, S. Ulamec8, 1JHU/APL, MD ([email protected]), 2Lagrange Lab., Univ. Côte d’Azur, Obs. Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Nice, France, 3Univ. Alicante, Spain, 4LLNL, 5Ondrejov Obs, Czech Rep., 6Univ. MD, 7Univ. Thessaloniki, Greece, 8DLR, Germany The Asteroid Impact and Deflection Assessment AIDA: Critical Test of Asteroid Mitigation by Kinetic Impact • The asteroid threat is international. Initially • Sophisticated models exist for simulating kinetic (AIDA) Mission: Introduction following the discovery of a hazardous asteroid, deflection, but the predicted amount of deflection depends its impact location is uncertain, spanning on physical properties that have never been measured on any The AIDA mission will provide the first demonstration and test of the effectiveness borders and continents. Eventually the predicted asteroid, and that AIDA is designed to measure. of kinetic impactors for planetary defense. AIDA is a joint project between NASA and impact is pinpointed to one nation, but even • The scale of a kinetic deflection event is much larger then its effects will be regional or even global. than can be accessed in laboratory experiments, and occurs in ESA. The NASA‐led mission element is the Double Asteroid Redirect Test (DART) a microgravity geology, so Earth‐based experiments are helpful m Prevention, preparation, and recovery must be which is a kinetic impactor, a ~300‐kg spacecraft designed to impact the moon of the coordinated internationally to benefit from but insufficient. worldwide resources and expertise. •Until kinetic deflection models are benchmarked on an binary system 65803 Didymos. The deflection of the moon will be measured by the actual asteroid, their predictions will have unknown • Techniques for deflecting a hazardous Diameter ESA‐led Asteroid Impact Mission (AIM) (which will characterize the moon) as well as asteroid require demonstration and validation uncertainties, and the possibility of unexpected behavior that by ground‐based optical and radar observations. prior to implementation against a real threat. is overlooked or unresolved by the models. AIDA is the first mission to demonstrate asteroid deflection by a kinetic Kinetic deflection (crashing a massive rocket into •AIDA will characterize the physical properties and internal structure of the target asteroid prior to the kinetic impactor and to study a binary asteroid and its internal structure, physical an asteroid to move it off course) is the most Years warning mature and capable method of deflecting most impact, providing ground truth for making quantitative properties, and origin. It will demonstrate interplanetary optical communication and asteroids, except for rare objects with short predictions of deflection. deep‐space inter‐satellite links with CubeSats and a lander in deep space (done by warning time or very large size. •AIDA will provide an end‐to‐end test of the integrated technology required to carry out an asteroid deflection AIM). mission. Spacecraft kinetic impact to change the course of an asteroid DART + AIM = AIDA (left) Schematic of the DART (NASA) 65803 Didymos AIDA mission concept. kinetic Impactor binary asteroid Although DART and AIM are independent missions, together they will provide the first measurements of aplanetary‐scale impact The next intercept opportunity experiment with known AIM (ESA) impact conditions on a as favorable as 2022 at Rendezvous Didymos is after 2040 Observer well‐characterized target Earth-based body. observations • DART impact during excellent apparition: Didymos at V ~ 14‐15, very well placed for Chile, observable from other DART: Double Asteroid observatories • Didymos primary and secondary • NASA’s DART mission is currently a are separated by up to 0.02 arcsec Redirection Test Phase‐A study. DART is a strategic technology demonstration that will when 0.08 AU from Earth HGA launch in 2020 and impact the Marginally resolvable with ALMA secondary of the Didymos binary (sub‐mm), Magellan adaptive LGA system in 2022. DART will be a full‐ optics scale demonstration of asteroid • Post‐impact brightening and ejecta deflection by kinetic impact DRACO imager stream as extended object • DART will develop our understanding of impact effects at large scales, infer (“coma”) may be observable from asteroid properties, and study long‐ Earth term dynamics of impact ejecta • Debris cloud analogous to YORP‐ • DART will use ground‐based driven Main Belt Comets? observations to measure the binary LGA period change from kinetic impact AIDA Investigation Working Groups Star Tracker with an accuracy of 10% WG 1 Modeling and Simulation of Impact Outcomes Angela Stickle, Paul Miller, Steven Schwartz • DART will return high‐resolution WG 2Remote Sensing Observations Andy Rivkin, Petr Pravec The DART payload is one instrument, a images of the target prior to impact WG 3 Dynamical and Physical Properties of Didymos Derek Richardson, Kleomenis Tsiganis, Adriano Campo‐Bagatin high resolution imager derived from New to determine the impact site and its Horizons LORRI geologic context WG 4 Science Proximity Operations Stephan Ulamec, Olivier Barnouin.