Volume 9 ï Number 2 ï July 2020 Volume 9 ï Number 2 ï July 2020 Volume 9 ï Number 2 July 2020 www.allazimuth.com All Azimuth All Azimuth Aims and Scope All Azimuth, journal of the Center for Foreign Policy and Peace Research, is an English-language, ALL-AZIMUTH: A Journal of Foreign Policy and Peace international peer-reviewed journal, published biannually. It aims: Cilt/Volume: 9 • Sayı/Number: 2 • July 2020 • to provide a forum for academic studies on foreign policy analysis, peace and development research, • to publish pieces bridging the theory-practice gap; dealing with under-represented conceptual Type of Publication/ Yayın Türü: International Periodical / Yaygın Süreli Yayın approaches in the field; and making scholarly engagements in the dialogue between the Publishing Period & Language / Yayın Periyodu & Dili: Biannual-English/6 aylık- İngilizce “center” and the “periphery“, • to encourage publications with homegrown theoretical and philosophical approaches. • to transcend conventional theoretical, methodological, geographical, academic and cultural boundaries, • to highlight works of senior and promising young scholars, • to uphold international standards and principles of academic publishing. Owner/Sahibi International Advisory Board/Uluslararası Danışma Kurulu Ersel Aydınlı, Bilkent University Executive Editor/Sorumlu Yazı İşleri Müdürü Meliha Altunışık, Middle East Technical University Ersel Aydınlı, Bilkent University Mohammed Ayoob, Michigan State University Chief Editors/Genel Yayın Yönetmenleri Hüseyin Bağcı, Middle East Technical University Ali L. Karaosmanoğlu, Nimet Beriker, Sabancı University Center for Foreign Policy & Peace Research (CFPPR) Esra Çuhadar, Bilkent University Ersel Aydınlı, Bilkent University Michael W. Doyle, Columbia University Managing Editor/ Yönetici Editör Daniel Druckman, George Mason University Gonca Biltekin, CFPPR Cooper Drury, University of Missouri-Columbia Managing Assistant Editor/Editör Yardımcısı Willem Frederik van Eekelen, Former Min. of Defense of the Onur Erpul, CFPPR Netherlands & Former Secretary Gen. of the WEU Atila Eralp, Middle East Technical University Editors/ Editörler Onur Gökçe, Bilkent University Andrey Makarychev, University of Tartu Serdar Ş. Güner, Bilkent University Homeira Moshirzadeh, University of Tehran Metin Heper, Bilkent University Erik Ringmar, İbn Haldun University Patrick James, University of Southern California Deepshikha Shahi, University of Delhi Knud Erik Jorgensen, Yaşar University Chih-yu Shih, National Taiwan University Pınar İpek, Bilkent University Helen Turton, The University of Sheffield Emilian Kavalski, Australian Catholic University Language Editor/Dil Editörü Fuat Keyman, Sabancı University Julie Mathews Müge Kınacıoğlu, Hacettepe University Publisher/Yayıncı Ludger Kühnhardt, Bonn University Center for Foreign Policy and Peace Research Heath W. Lowry, Princeton University İhsan Doğramacı Peace Foundation/ Nicholas Onuf, Florida International University Dış Politika ve Barış Araştırmaları Merkezi, Ersin Onulduran, Ankara University İhsan Doğramacı Barış Vakfı Ziya Öniş, Koç University Ankara, Turkey Nihat Ali Özcan, TOBB ETU University ISSN 2146-7757 Özgür Özdamar, Bilkent University All Rights Reserved Haluk Özdemir, Kırıkkale University Printing House/Basımcı T.V. Paul, McGill University Elma Teknik Basım Matbaacılık Kosuke Shimizu, Ryukoku University İvedik OSB Matbaacılar Sitesi İlter Turan, İstanbul Bilgi University 1516/1 Sk. No: 35 Yenimahalle / ANKARA Ali Resul Usul, İstanbul Medipol University Tel: (90-312) 229 92 65 Peter Volten, Center for European Security Studies Printing Date/Basım Tarihi Nuri Yurdusev, Middle East Technical University 30.06.2020 Enders Wimbush, StrateVarious LLC, Washington, Virginia This journal is indexed and abstracted by: Editorial Office/Yayın İdare Adresi: Manuscript Submission: CIAO, EBSCO, Emerging Sources Citation Index, Bilkent Üniversitesi G Binası no: 157, 06800, Bilkent, Ankara/Turkey Manuscripts submitted for consideration must follow the style on the journal’s web page (http://ww- European Sources Online, Gale, JournalSeek, Left Tel: (90-312) 290 2985 w.allazimuth.com/authors- guideline/). The manuscripts should not be submitted simultaneously to Index, Middle Eastern and Central Asian Studies, Fax: (90-312) 290 3078 any other publication, nor may they have been previously published elsewhere in English. However, One Belt One Road, Political Science Complete, E-mail: [email protected] • Web: www.allazimuth.com articles that are published previously in another language but updated or improved can be submitted. ProQuest, Scopus, ULAKBİM, Ulrich’s, Worldwide Political Science Abstracts This journal is owned by Ersel Aydınlı, on behalf of the Ihsan For such articles, the author(s) will be responsible in seeking the required permission for copyright. Dogramaci Peace Foundation./İhsan Doğramacı Barış Vakfı adına All manuscripts are subject to review by anonymous referees. Manuscripts should be submitted Ersel Aydınlı yayın sahibidir. through the submission form at: http://www.allazimuth.com/authors-guideline/ TABLE OF CONTENTS Vol. 9 No. 2 July 2020 In This Issue 147 ARTICLES Alternatives to the State: Or, Why a Non-Western IR Must Be a Revolutionary Science 149 Erik Ringmar Foregrounding the Complexities of a Dialogic Approach to Global International Relations 163 Deepshikha Shahi Locating a Multifaceted and Stratified Disciplinary ‘Core’ 177 Helen Louise Turton The Idea of Dialogue of Civilizations and Core-Periphery Dialogue in International Relations 211 Homeira Moshirzadeh Dialogue of the “Globals”: Connecting Global IR to Global Intellectual History 229 Deniz Kuru Widening the ‘Global Conversation’: Highlighting the Voices of IPE in the Global South 249 Melisa Deciancio and Cintia Quiliconi International Relations (IR) Pedagogy, Dialogue and Diversity: Taking the IR Course Syllabus Seriously 267 Nathan Andrews The Chinese School, Global Production of Knowledge, and Contentious Politics in the Disciplinary IR 283 Yongjin Zhang Abstracts in Turkish 299 V9, N2, July 2020 In This Issue Our summer 2020 special issue presents a selection of works from the 4th Annual All Azimuth Workshop that we held in Istanbul in May 2019. In the first article, Erik Ringmar draws parallels between the development of the IR discipline, the intellectual dependence of non- Western theorizing on Western theorizing, and the political dependence of non-Western states on Western ones. Ringmar discusses by analogy the potentially fatal flaws of non-Western IR replicating the same disciplinary practices as core IR, likening this disciplinary tendency to the lionization of Western-style nation states in much of the world. For instance, the creation and emulation of nation-states, where none had existed before in the non-Western world, has resulted in untold miseries. In the same way that it should be possible to disabuse ourselves of the sacrosanctity of the nation-state as the only viable form of modern political organization, so too must non-Western IR extricate itself from the disciplining effects of the IR discipline and become a revolutionary science. The second article, by Deepshikha Shahi, examines the evolving notion of the “dialogical” approach, which has become a central component of the Global IR debate. Despite its much- vaunted status as a remedy to the West-centrism of the discipline, dialogue, Shahi argues, has not effectively materialized. This is because extant dialogue proceeds along unsettled contestations in a way that provincializes non-Western philosophical and IR traditions, as well as their thematic, linguistic, and conceptual components, compartmentalizing them into specific spatio-temporal contexts whilst also conceding universality to their Western counterparts. Overall, Shahi warns that non-Western IR should neither engage in the kind of dialogues that reproduce the derivative discourses of Western IR, nor should it opt to carve out an exceptionalist discourse that parochializes its contribution. In the third article, Helen Turton investigates the core-periphery dichotomy in the IR discipline and disrupts its common geographic connotations. Turton finds that such a binary ignores stratification within the global core and periphery. In fact, Turton locates a distinct IR core/periphery within traditionally core designated countries, between elite U.S.-based institutions and other institutions, and another stratification within the periphery itself. The existence of the latter is particularly surprising since key universities serve to reproduce core-periphery disciplinary hierarchies. The stratification of the discipline therefore occurs through not only the core’s control over institutions of publication but through the linguistic and intellectual cores in the periphery, usually in the form of English-language institutions with IR research programs, all of which replicate and reinforce IR’s intellectual hierarchies. In the fourth article, Homeira Morshirzadeh brings clarification to the concepts of dialogue and pluralism in the Global IR conversation. Morshirzadeh argues that the Global IR dialogue should be seen as a part of a broader civilizational dialogue. Civilization in this context is defined as large cultural units which, despite some differences, share ontological, epistemological, and praxiological perspectives. Given the heterogeneities of such a broad frame, civilizational dialogue presents as much an opportunity for intracivilizational dialogue as it does for