MUQABALA Journal of Performing Arts and Culture ISSN 1596 – 8998 | Vol 4 | No. 1 | September 2019 A Publication of the Department of Theatre and Performing Arts Ahmadu Bello University Zaria-Nigeria i © Department of Theatre and Performing Arts, Faculty of Arts, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. 2019 All rights Reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior permission of the editors. Permission for the use of photographs and images should be sought from individual authors. Subscription Mukabala is published twice in the academic year by the Department of Theatre and Performing Arts Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria. The annual out-of-Nigeria subscription rate, including air-postage is $50.00 dollars for individuals and $75.00 dollars for institutions and libraries. Singles-issue rate for individual is $25.00. Claims for copies not received must be made within two months following an issue’s publication. Local subscription for individuals is N 2,500 direct purchase or N 3,000 per copy including postages. Provisions exist for generous discount for bulk purchases. Published & Printed By: Ahmadu Bello University Press Limited, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria Tel: 08065949711, 069-879121 Email: [email protected] Website: www.abupress.org ii EDITORIAL TEAM Dr Rasheedah A. Liman - Editor-in-Chief Dr Emmanuel Tsadu Gana - Editor Dr O. O. Ifatimehin - Member Victor Osae IHIDERO - Member Salaudeen Habib Adebayo - Member Chidi Edeh - Business Manager Emmanuella Avong - Secretary EDITORIAL CONSULTANTS Professor Oga Steve Abah (Ahmadu Bello University) Professor M. I. Umar-Buratai (Ahmadu Bello University) Professor John Sani Illah (University of Jos) Professor Saint E. T. Gbilekaa (University of Abuja) Professor A. A. Illah (Ahmadu Bello University) Professor Jerry Buhari (Ahmadu Bello University) Professor D. Ofuokwu (Ahmadu Bello University) Professor M. Bhadmus (Bayero University Kano) EDITORIAL ADDRESS The Editor Mukabala Journal of Performing Arts and Culture Department of Theatre and Performing Arts Ahmadu Bello Universitry, Zaria Nigeria e-mail: [email protected] iii Submissions Mukabala is an internationally- refereed Journal of the Humanities. It publishes scholarly and imaginative articles in Literature, Language and Culture generally, including orature, Film, Theatre, Music and Art; Essay Interviews, Book Reviews are welcome. Submitted Manuscripts, in English or French must be Prepared in accordance with the most recent of the APA Style manual, where applicable. The authors’ identity and address should appear only on the cover page and nowhere else within the submitted manuscript. Contributors are also advised to observe the following. a) All Manuscript submitted should not be less than 5000 words, on A4 papers including references, figures, tables, graphs and diagrammes. b) Four copies of each article should be submitted along a diskette or CD c) The Journal is published bi-annually and manuscripts are accepted on a rolling basis. d) There is a non-refundable assessment fee of N5, 000 for each article submitted for publication and this is expected to cover our correspondence with the author. e) Publishable articles attract a publication fee of 20,000 (Plain texts) while articles accompanied by photographs and images attracts N25,000 payable in Bank Draft, cash or electronic transfer with evidence of teller number for verification to an account number to be supplied by the editor upon the issuance of an acceptance latter. Please do not pay in advance until articles are assessed and certified publishable. f) Please accompany hard copies of photographs and images where possible for sharper picture resolutions. g) Contributors will collect two free copies of the Journal. Additional copies may be obtained upon the payment of N 2500, 000 cash or N 3,000 where copies have to be mailed to contributors h) Send all inquiries and correspondences to: Editorial Committee Mukabala Journal of Performing Arts and Culture Department of Theatre and Performing Arts Ahmadu Bello Universitry, Zaria Nigeria e-mail: [email protected] iv Editorial Although Mukabala was initially conceived as a Journal of Performing Arts, the realities of the changing circumstances of the arts and humanities have made compelling to broaden its scope and to make the outlook more inter-disciplinary. Not only that but also, and strategically too, the journal has gone bilingual, yet in reflection of the globalizing trend in the humanities, the need for inter-lingual exchanges can hardly be overstated. v Contents Surviving Men: Resentment and Toxic Masculinity in Irene Salami-Agunloye’s Sweet Revenge Chinenye Amonyeze (Ph.D) & Nneka Alio 1 Communication Technology, Gender and Rural Development in Nigeria: A Case Study of Ajingi Local Government of Kano State, Nigeria Rasheedah Liman (Ph.D) 12 Intratextuality and Socio-Political Commitment in the Writings of Emmy Idegu: An Examination of the Odolu Series Emmanuel Tsadu GANA (Ph.D) 22 The Lyric and Images in Yemi Alade’s Music Video “Johnny” Hairat Bukola YUSUF 36 A Neo-Feminist Reading of Modernity in Tradition in Tess Onwueme’s The Broken Calabash Prince Nathan KURE & Victor Osae IHIDERO 45 Audience Participation and the Search for Relevance in the Performance of Irene Salami Agunloye’s More Than Dancing Millicent AHUPA 55 Moralist Validation as Hegelian Process in Sam Ukala’s Break A Boil Chinenye AMONYEZE (Ph.D) 67 Theatre and the African American Since Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in The Sun Olagoke O. IFATIMEHIN (Ph.D) 79 Mediating Peace in a Conflict-Riddled Society: A Study of Rasheed Adeoye’s The Killers Tayo Simeon ARINDE 86 Intercultural Encounters and Overlapping Experiences: A Syncretic Study of the Performance Style of the Holy Aruosa Cathedral Choir Peter O. AIHEVBA (Ph.D) 102 An Evaluation of TfD as an Effective Tool for Participatory Development in Erema Community of Rivers State, Nigeria Abel IDEBE (Ph.D) 111 vi Music as a Creative Art Form Catalyst for Entrepreneurial Driven Economy Ayodele O. OBATOMI 123 Quality Assurance and the Management of Private Dance Troupes in the FCT Emem OBONGUKO (PhD) 133 Canon Formations as Tool in Fostering Entrepreneurship in Theatre and Performing Arts Training Joseph Agofure IDOGHO (PhD) 142 Popular Culture in a New World Order: The Nigerian Youth in perspective Jamila Aliyu MOHAMMED 155 Contemporary Nigerian Music Videos and the Question of Morality: A Study of Flavour’s Musical Video Catch You AKAS, Nicholas Chielotam & Stella NWAFOR 166 Le Griot, Detenteur De La Litterature Orale Africaine: Metier Et Mutations Professor Ifeoma ONYEMELUKWE 174 vii viii Mukabala: Journal of Performing Arts and Culture SURVIVING MEN: RESENTMENT AND TOXIC MASCULINITY IN IRENE SALAMI-AGUNLOYE’S SWEET REVENGE Chinenye Amonyeze (Ph.D) Dept. of Theatre & Film Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka email: [email protected] & Nneka Alio email: [email protected] Abstract The marginal place of women in a patriarchal society has been the thematic preoccupation of most Nigerian female playwrights who aim to rewrite the image of women in such male-dominated spaces like Nigeria. In the intersection of cultural identity and gender politics, feminist writers have enunciated sexism as a cultural legacy ranged with economic forces to extenuate male privilege and bias. Modern Nigerian women increasingly evolving from their marginal traditional based identity as domestic, illiterate social personages confronted by powerful traditional-conservatist forces threatening their march to emancipation. Female playwrights through their thematic expositions have creatively modelled a ‘new woman’ in their literary works. Irene Isoken Salami-Agunloye is one of such female playwrights whose creative works relocate the female folk from the margin to centre. In highlighting elements of toxic masculinity and the problematic role of culture in allocating modicum human rights to the marginalized, Agunloye’s drama explores possible ways to make patriarchy more self-conscious. This article analyzes Aisosa’s attributes in Sweet Revenge and reinforces the need for women to become more active and circumspect in the fight against abuse. The essay emphasizes how ingrained tolerance of sexism encourages behavioural abnormality and renders the victim complicit. Keywords: Patriarchy, Resentment, Toxic Masculinity, Sexism, Sweet Revenge Introduction Attitudes tie human beings cognitively and emotionally to their entire social world. Our most central attitudes or values help us determine the appropriateness of our actions (Peter Gray, 490). Partner abuse has been and, in some ways, continues to be endorsed in all societies through legal sanctioning of the subjugation of women and lack of legal protection. Women, whether married or single, condone various degrees of abuse for reasons such as lack of regular income, fear of children’s custodial loss, lack of exposure, low self-esteem, stigmatization etc. More often than not, the woman is prevailed upon to 1 Mukabala: Journal of Performing Arts and Culture be forgiving regardless of the ordeal she undergoes daily or the scars she has tattooed all over her body (Monica Agene, n.p.). Current politics and social relationships increasingly advocate equal rights for all genders. In Nigeria, it appears women have not achieved equal human rights despite recent attention